Triphasic sustained release of tachyzoite chimeric protein, rSAG1/2, from poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLG)-encapsulated rSAG1/2 (PLG-rSAG1/2) microparticles (MPs) is a promising characteristic for developing a single-dose vaccine against Toxoplasma gondii in domestic animals. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate whether single immunization with PLG-rSAG1/2 MPs in BALB/c mice would achieve...

Toxoplasmosis is a zoonotic infection affecting approximately 30% of the world's human population. After sexual reproduction in the definitive feline host, Toxoplasma oocysts, each containing 8 sporozoites, are shed into the environment where they can go on to infect humans and other warm-blooded intermediate hosts. Here, we use an in vitro model to assess host transcriptomic changes that occur...

Addition of paclitaxel (Taxol) at a concentration of 1 microM to Toxoplasma gondii-infected human foreskin fibroblasts arrested parasite multiplication. Division of the T. gondii tachyzoite nucleus was inhibited, leading to syncytium-like parasite structures within the fibroblasts by 24 h after infection and treatment of the cultures. By 4 days after infection and treatment of the cultures with...

Toxoplasma gondii was first identified more than 100 years ago in the tissues of birds and mammals. In 1908 Nicolle and Manceoux described it for the first time in the gundi (Ctenodactylus gundi), a North African rodent, in tachyzoite forms. At the same time, Splendore in Brazil, identified the parasite in rabbit tissues. Due to its bow-like shape (Greek: Toxo = Arc) the genus was named Toxopla...

Despite all advances in cancer treatment methods, failure of is a major concern. This can be caused by tumor environment made cells and prevents immune system to reach neoplastic cells. So, immunotherapy target therapy are the focus scientists. Due inverse relationship shown between parasites cancer, candidate for use immunotherapy. Toxoplasma gondii an intracellular parasite invades many verte...

Toxoplasma gondii sporozoites form two parasitophorous vacuoles during development within host cells, the first (PV1) during host cell invasion and the second (PV2) 18 to 24 h postinoculation. PV1 is structurally distinctive due to its large size, yet it lacks a tubulovesicular network (C. A. Speer, M. Tilley, M. Temple, J. A. Blixt, J. P. Dubey, and M. W. White, Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. 75:75-...

Tachyzoites (VEG strain) that emerge from host cells infected with Toxoplasma gondii sporozoites proliferate relatively fast and double their number every 6 h. This rate of growth is intrinsic, as neither the number of host cells invaded nor host cell type appears to influence emergent tachyzoite replication. Fast tachyzoite growth was not persistent, and following approximately 20 divisions, t...

Toxoplasmic encephalitis is the most common cerebral mass lesion in patients with AIDS. The definitive diagnosis requires direct demonstration of the tachyzoite form of Toxoplasma gondii in cerebral tissue. The presumptive diagnosis is based on serology, clinical and radiological features, and on response to anti-Toxoplasma therapy. Typically, patients have a subacute presentation of focal neur...