Certain heavy metals such as mercury, lead, arsenic and cadmium are toxic even in reduced concentrations in blood. Their accumulation in the body causes serious illnesses. The most important heavy metals in human pathology are: mercury (Hg), cadmium (Cd), arsenic (As) and lead (Pb). The author mentions the heavy metal sources of poisoning, their toxicokinetics and toxicodynamics, clinical featu...

The margin of safety of a drug is defined as the ratio between toxicity in animals and safety in humans. For intravascular contrast media, the margin of safety is traditionally the ratio between LD50 and diagnostic dose, both doses being based on bodyweight. The shift to surface area dramatically reduces this margin to unacceptable values. Toxicokinetics, which relates systemic exposure associa...

The toxicokinetics of lambda-cyhalothrin after single 20 mg kg(-1) oral and 3 mg kg(-1) intravenous doses were studied in rats. Serial blood samples were obtained after oral and intravenous administration. Liver, brain, spinal cord, sciatic nerve, vas deferens, anococcygeus and myenteric plexus tissue samples were also collected. Plasma, liver, hypothalamus, cerebellum, medulla oblongata, front...

the meantime had developed a rhinitis and an ulcer on the right eye, were taken by the local medical staff. In July 2008, samples taken from the mother-in-law's foot ulcer as well as from the corneal ulcer and the throat of the dog were found to be positive for MRSA. Further analysis of these three MRSA strains and the one from the initial screening at the Small Animal Clinic was performed as d...

OBJECTIVES To provide toxicokinetic and clinical evidence of the hydrolytic effect of paraoxonase-1 (PON1) on acute organophosphate poisoning in rats. METHODS 40 male Wistar rats were randomised into four equal groups. Dichlorvos administration group (A group) underwent dichlorvos injection (dissolved in corn oil) using intraperitoneal (ip) dose of 10 mg/kg. PON1 pretreatment group (B group) ...