The invertebrates are one of the most important terrestrial fauna and freshwater taxa.Benthic macroinvertebrates include aquatic insects and spiders, mites, crustaceans, andspecies of mollusks and worms that are aquatic in their immature stages and terrestrial intheir adult stage. Jajrud River originates from the Alborz Mountains and is a source of<br ...

Aquatic and semi-aquatic mammals, while resting at the water surface or ashore, breathe with a low frequency (f) by comparison to terrestrial mammals of the same body size, the difference increasing the larger the species. Among various interpretations, it was suggested that the low-f breathing is a consequence of the end-inspiratory breath-holding pattern adopted by aquatic mammals to favour b...

We collected 541 invertebrate specimens in riparian and upland habitats of the South Fork (SF) Eel River, California, USA, representing 12 orders and 55 families, and including adults of both aquatic and terrestrial origin. We fitted a power function to this data set at 4 taxonomic levels: 1) the entire pooled sample, 2) composite samples of aquatic and terrestrial taxa, 3) individual orders, a...

The aim of this study was to assess the potential of a human cell line containing the hsp70 promoter linked to the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase reporter gene in evaluating the toxic potential of complex mixtures. Cells were exposed to eluates of industrial wastes and the cellular responses were compared with the metal contents of the samples and with standardized aquatic (microalgal growth...

background: evaluation of herbicide pollution in aquatic environments needs the great concern and the most important echo-pollutant effects of herbicides are related to their effects on non target aquatic organisms. native fish can serve as a proper bio-indicator for evaluation  of pollution on aquatic ecosystems. objectives: to find environmentally friendly herbicides, in this study the acute ...

The phenylphosphonothioate insecticides EPN and leptophos, and several analogs, were evaluated with respect to their delayed neurotoxic effects in hens and their environmental behavior in a terrestrial-aquatic model ecosystem. Acute toxicity to insects was highly correlated with sigma sigma of the substituted phenyl group (regression coefficient r = -0.91) while acute toxicity to mammals was sl...

Within our lakes, streams, estuaries, and oceans, there is an astounding chemodiversity of secondary metabolites produced by microbes, algae, and invertebrates. Nearly 30 years of study have yielded hundreds of examples in which secondary metabolites alter the foraging behavior or fitness of aquatic consumers, or both. However, our understanding of the mechanisms that mediate the fate and conse...