BACKGROUND In schizophrenia, executive dysfunction is the most critical cognitive impairment, and is associated with abnormal neural activities, especially in the frontal lobes. Complexity estimation using electroencephalogram (EEG) recording based on nonlinear dynamics and task performance tests have been widely used to estimate executive dysfunction in schizophrenia. METHODS The present stu...

Problem-solving methods for knowledge-based systems establish the behavior of such systems by de ning the roles in which domain knowledge is used and the ordering of inferences. Developers can compose problem-solving methods that accomplish complex application tasks from primitive, reusable methods. The key steps in this development approach are task analysis, method selection (from a library),...

INTRODUCTION There are inconsistent results in the research literature relating to whether a procedural memory dysfunction exists as a core deficit in Parkinson׳s disease (PD). To address this issue, we examined the acquisition and long-term retention of a cognitive skill in patients with moderately severe PD. To this end, we used a computerized version of the Tower of Hanoi Puzzle. METHODS S...

In this paper, our aim is to prove that our recursive algorithm to solve the “Reve’s puzzle” (fourpeg Tower of Hanoi) is the optimal solution according to minimum number of moves. Here we used Frame’s five step algorithm to solve the “Reve’s puzzle”, and proved its optimality analyzing all possible strategies to solve the problem. Minimum number of moves is important because no one ever proved ...

Since Hamilton’s Icosian Game, graphs have been used to represent mathematical puzzles. One of the most famous ones, the Tower of Hanoi (TH), is very popular in psychological tests. However, until quite recently the mathematical theory of the underlying graph structure for this and related puzzles like the Tower of London has not been fully exploited. We present the results of a project which a...