Purpose Due to the static condition of wheels at touchdown, they skid on runway, which may cause tyres burn and wear. This phenomenon occurs in a fraction second, known as spin-up period. The purpose this paper is introduce new strategy reduce horizontal force, tyre temperature wear during Design/methodology/approach First, dynamics two different phases landing, namely, breaking phases, are rev...

Parsimonious dynamical models for legged locomotion are piecewise–defined. The state flows in continuous–time according to an ordinary differential equation (ODE) until a touchdown or liftoff event occurs, triggering an instantaneous reset at a discrete time instant [1]. We’ve shown that models for periodic gaits with footfalls isolated in time (e.g. bipedal walk or run, quadrupedal walk or gal...

We aimed to examine the trial-to-trial changes in the reactive balance response to large magnitude slip-like treadmill perturbations in stance and whether the acquired adaptive changes could be appropriately scaled to a higher intensity perturbation. Seventeen young adults experienced 15 slips for training on level I intensity. Pre- and post-training slips were delivered at a higher intensity (...

There are a number of sports played across the world under the name football, with most of the world reserving that name for association football or soccer. Soccer is discussed in Chapter 5 of this volume, this chapter considers American football, the basic structure of which is described in the next paragraph. Most of the material in this chapter is discussed in terms of the National Football ...