Organic contaminants in shale gas flowback and produced water (FPW) are traditionally expressed as total organic carbon (TOC) or chemical oxygen demand (COD), though these parameters do not provide information on the toxicity and environmental fate of individual components. This review addresses identification of individual organic contaminants in FPW, and stresses the gaps in the knowledge on ...

Soil management practices, such as tillage method or straw return, could alter soil organic carbon (C) contents. However, the effects of tillage method or straw return on soil organic C (SOC) have showed inconsistent results in different soil/climate/cropping systems. The Yangtze River Delta of China is the main production region of rice and wheat, and rice-wheat rotation is the most important ...

[1] Monsoon forcing and hydrodynamic effects controlled carbon and sulfur biogeochemistry over the last 90 ka in a 43-m core from the Okinawa Trough (OT). Total organic carbon (TOC) contents co-vary with summer insolation at 30 N suggesting monsoon forcing of primary productivity and organic carbon burial. Before the last glacial maximum (LGM), total sulfur (TS) contents varied concomitantly wi...

In this study, soil samples collected from different plain afforestation time (1 year, 4 years, 10 years, 15 years, and 20 years) in Miyun were characterized, including total organic carbon (TOC), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), available K (K(+)), microbial biomass carbon (MBC), and dissolved organic carbon (DOC). The DOM in the soil samples with different afforestation time was fu...

Laboratory methods for measuring bioaccumulation of organic contaminants from sediment into aquatic organisms continue to improve, but some aspects are still in need of standardization. From a review of published methods, we noted that the loading density of organisms was determined inconsistently and was primarily based on either sediment volume or total organic carbon (TOC). The rationale mai...

Total organic carbon (TOC) can reflect the total amount of matter in water. This paper introduces common methods measuring carbon, including high temperature combustion method, potassium persulfate oxidation spectrometry, ozone chemiluminescence supercritical water method and so on. At present, is most widely used for TOC measurement seawater, because its efficiency. sensor needs to be develope...

Scleractinian cold-water corals (CWC) represent key taxa controlling deep-sea reef ecosystem functioning by providing structurally complex habitats to a high associated biodiversity, and by fuelling biogeochemical cycles via the release of organic matter. Nevertheless, our current knowledge on basic CWC properties, such as feeding ecology and key physiological processes (i.e. respiration, calci...

Humans have had a significant impact on the terrestrial pedosphere through activities such as agriculture and urbanization. The effects of human activities on land use and the related environmental changes were investigated through point and areal studies surrounding Meiliang Bay, which is an open area of extreme eutrophication in Taihu Lake, China. This study used remote sensing and environmen...

Few studies have examined the partitioning of organic matter in upwelling systems, despite the fact that these systems play a key role in carbon and nitrogen budgets in the ocean. We examined the production and partitioning of phytoplankton-derived organic matter in deck incubations off Oregon during the upwelling season. During exponential growth of the phytoplankton, $78% of total accumulated...

S hale resource systems have had a dramatic impact on the supply of oil and especially gas in North America, in fact, making United States energy independent in natural gas reserves. These shale resource systems are typically organic-rich mudstones that serve as both source and reservoir rock or source petroleum found in juxtaposed organic-lean facies. Success in producing gas and oil from thes...