One of the more enigmatic features of the Earth’s style of mantle convection is plate tectonics itself, in particular the existence of strike-slip, or toroidal, motion. Toroidal motion is uncharacteristic of basic thermal convection, but necessarily forms through the interaction of convective flow and nonlinear rheological mechanisms. Recent studies have implied that the empirically determined ...

The direction of the bootstrap current is inverted in the outward shifted plasmas of the Large Helical Device (LHD). In order to verify the reliability of the theoretical models of the bootstrap current in helical plasmas, the rotational transform profiles are observed by the Motional Stark Effect measurement in the bootstrap current carrying plasmas of the LHD, and they are compared with the n...

Mouse immunoglobulin G (Ig G1 and the mixture of Ig G1 and Ig G2) deposited on mica were imaged with an atomic force microscope at room temperature and ambient pressure. At a concentration around 1.0mg/L, the molecules were well dispersed. 2~3 days after sample preparation, both Ig G1 and the mixture could selfassemble into different shapes and further form some types of local-ordered toroidal ...

Sheared toroidal flows with a magnitude of the order of the sound speed are shown to stabilize sawteeth in tokamaks. In the absence of flows, tokamak equilibria in which the central safety factor q is less than unity are unstable to resistive tearing modes ~resistive internal kink modes! with toroidal mode number n51. As the ratio b of the plasma pressure to the magnetic field pressure increase...

Localized spoof surface plasmons (LSSPs) have recently emerged as a new research frontier due to their unique properties and increasing applications. Despite the importance, most of the current researches only focus on electric/magnetic LSSPs. Very recent research has revealed that toroidal LSSPs, LSSPs modes with multipole toroidal moments, can be achieved at a point defect in a 2D groove meta...

Effects of a toroidal rotation are investigated numerically on the stability of the MHD modes in the edge pedestal, which relate to the type-I edge-localized mode (ELM). A new linear MHD stability code MINERVA is developed for solving the Frieman-Rotenberg equation, which is the linear ideal MHD equation with flow. As the result of the stability analysis, it is revealed that the sheared toroida...

In this third paper in a series on stable magnetic equilibria in stars, I look at the stability of axisymmetric field configurations and in particular at the relative strengths of the toroidal and poloidal components. Both toroidal and poloidal fields are unstable on their own, and stability is achieved by adding the two together in some ratio. I use Tayler’s (1973) stability conditions for tor...

1 We investigate the toroidal expanse of an embedded graph G, that is, the size of the largest 2 toroidal grid contained in G as a minor. In the course of this work we introduce a new embedding 3 density parameter, the stretch of an embedded graph G, and use it to bound the toroidal 4 expanse from above and from below within a constant factor depending only on the genus and 5 the maximum degree...

We show that the representation theory for the toroidal extended affine Lie algebra is controlled by a VOA which is a tensor product of four VOAs: a sub-VOA V + Hyp of a hyperbolic lattice VOA, affine ˙ g and sl N VOAs and a Virasoro VOA. A tensor product of irre-ducible modules for these VOAs admits the structure of an irreducible module for the toroidal extended affine Lie algebra. We also sh...