Bioerosion increases the topographic complexity of soft rock habitats, thereby increasing species diversity. This increase in species diversity may either be associated with an increase in complexity or may simply be a consequence of the increase in available surface area for colonisation. The influence of habitat modification by piddocks on intertidal species richness was investigated through ...

AnnAGNPS (Annualized AGricultural Non-point Source), a continuous simulation and distributed pollution model, is widely applied in evaluating non-point source pollution and watershed management practices. However, the complexity of required input data and modeling procedure keep it from being an efficient modeling tool. An integrated GIS interface was developed to facilitate organizing and prep...

More than 20 years have passed since the discovery that NMDAR-mediated synaptic activity is important for the functional development of sensory brain circuits [1] by specifically regulating the refinement of sensory topographic maps [2]. Since then we have learned in great detail how this receptor shapes the development of neurons and neuronal circuits. The diversity of NMDAR subunits and their...

the present meta-analysis was conducted to provide a quantitative measure of the overall effects of task complexity on chinese efl learners’ language production. based on the strict inclusion criteria, 12 primary studies were synthesized according to key features. eleven of them were meta-analyzed to investigate effects of raising the resource-directing task complexity. results revealed that ...

In some application contexts, data are better described by a matrix of pairwise dissimilarities rather than by a vector representation. Clustering and topographic mapping algorithms have been adapted to this type of data, either via the generalized Median principle, or more recently with the so called relational approach, in which prototypes are represented by virtual linear combinations of the...

The concept of forest complexity has been recently adopted to represent the multiple horizontal and vertical forest structure and composition attributes that support ecological functions in a single measure or index. The index variables are often selected based on known associations with types of habitat and biodiversity potential. In modelling and mapping of forest complexity using geospatial ...

We present an algorithmic solution for the stationary distribution of M/M/c/K retrial queue which consists of an orbit with infinite capacity and a service facility that has c exponential servers and waiting space of size K− c. The behavior of queue length process in the retrial queue is described by level dependent quasi-birth-and-death (LDQBD) process due to repeated attempts. The algorithm i...

Prototype based learning offers an intuitive interface to inspect large quantities of electronic data in supervised or unsupervised settings. Recently, many techniques have been extended to data described by general dissimilarities rather than Euclidean vectors, so-called relational data settings. Unlike the Euclidean counterparts, the techniques have quadratic time complexity due to the underl...