BACKGROUND The serendipitous discovery of propranolol as a medical therapy for infantile hemangioma in 2008 resulted in a significant change in the treatment paradigm for patients with hemangioma. The use of systemic propranolol is now widely used, either alone or in conjunction with other medications or surgical treatments. Although generally well tolerated, propranolol is typically initiated ...

Interest in the development of new topical/local drug administration for blocking pain at peripheral sites, with maximum drug activity and minimal systemic effects, is on the rise. In the review article by Kopsky and Stahl, four critical barriers in the process of research and development of topical analgesics were indicated. The active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) and the formulation are am...