Attention exhibits characteristic neural signatures in brain regions that process sensory signals. An important area of future research is to understand the nature of top-down signals that facilitate attentional guidance towards behaviorally relevant locations and features. In this review, we discuss recent studies that have made progress towards understanding: (i) the brain structures and circ...

In this paper we present a novel class-based segmentation method, which is guided by a stored representation of the shape of objects within a general class (such as horse images). The approach is different from bottom-up segmentation methods that primarily use the continuity of grey-level, texture, and bounding contours. We show that the method leads to markedly improved segmentation results an...

In a paper published in this journal, Norvig (1991) pointed out that memoization of a topdown recognizer program produces a program that behaves similiarly to a chart parser. This is not surprising to anyone familiar with logic-programming approaches to NLP. For example, the Earley deduction proof procedure is essentially a memoizing version of the top-down SLD proof procedure employed by Prolo...

In PEPA, the calculation of the transitions enabled by a process accounts for a large part of the time for the state space exploration of the underlying Markov chain. Unlike other approaches based on recursion, we present a new technique that is iterative—it traverses the process’ binary tree from the sequential components at the leaves up to the root. Empirical results shows that this algorith...

Top-down proteomics is a revolutionary application for the identification and characterization of protein, known to be one of the most complicated and challenging issues in biology. In top-down proteomics, the quality and speed of the data warehouse is very important, as high accuracy results are returned by a database search. ProSight Warehouse fills the critical role as the data warehouse for...

Occurrence of top down and bottom up fatigue cracking in asphaltic pavements is common. Conventional pavement analysis methods ignore the existence of cracks in asphaltic layers. However, it seems that the responses of cracked pavement would not be the same as a pavement without crack. This paper describes effects of crack type, position and length, and vehicles tire inflation pressure and axle...