Structure of Rough Approximations Based on Molecular Lattices p. 69 Rough Approximations under Level Fuzzy Sets p. 78 Fuzzy-Rough Modus Ponens and Modus Tollens as a Basis for Approximate Reasoning p. 84 Logic and Rough Sets Rough Truth, Consequence, Consistency and Belief Revision p. 95 A Note on Ziarko's Variable Precision Rough Set Model and Nonmonotonic Reasoning p. 103 Fuzzy Reasoning Base...

The function and potential importance of statistical tests in examining and evaluating substantive and psychological hypotheses is discussed. Psychological hypotheses are sharply distinguished from statistical hypotheses. Decisions on statistical hypotheses must be separated from decisions on psychological hypotheses. Some differences between both kinds of hypotheses are addressed, and the ques...

The in vitro study of antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticles (NPs), prepared via modified Tollens process, revealed high antibacterial activity even at very low concentrations around several units of mg/L. These concentrations are comparable with concentrations of ionic silver revealing same antibacterial effect. However, such low concentrations of silver NPs did not show acute cytotoxi...

Reasoning with conditionals involving causal content is known to be affected by retrieval of alternative and disabling conditions. Recent evidence indicates that besides the number of stored conditions, the relative strength of association of the alternative conditions with the consequent term is another important factor that affects the retrieval process. In this study we examined the effect o...

We describe a facile and expedient approach for the fabrication of arrays of microelectrodes on smooth substrates. A sequence of print-and-peel procedures allowed for the microfabrication of capacitance microsensors using office equipment and relatively simple wet chemistry. Microfluidic assemblies with reversibly adhered elastomer components allowed for the transfer of patterns of metallic sil...

Reasoners revise their beliefs in the premises when an inference they have made is contradicted. We describe the results of an experiment that shows that the belief they revise depends on the inference they have made. They revise their belief in a conditional (if A then B) when they make a modus tollens inference (from not-B to not-A) that is subsequently contradicted (A). But when they make a ...

I argue against group agent realism, or the view that groups have irreducible mental states. If agents states, as realists assume, then best realist explanation of corporate features only basic states with at most one motivational function each. But does not feature So lack How so? defend conditional an argument from disagreement. On cognitivist approaches to desire, desires both motivate and r...

with conventional expert systems, it is clear that 1) 2) 3) AARS can reduce the size of the rule base; AARS uses linguistic variables rather than quantitative variables; AARS increases the system's flexibility. In future research, we expect to 1) associate observation P,' and rule R , with certainty factors CF, and CF, and derive a certainty factor for consequent experiment with other forms of ...