This survey concerns techniques in design and analysis of algorithms that can be used to solve NP hard problems faster than exhaustive search algorithms (but still in exponential time). We discuss several of such techniques: Measure & Conquer, Exponential Lower Bounds, Bounded Tree-width, and Memorization. We also consider some extensions of the mentioned techniques to parameterized algorithms.

This study assesses the effects of the use of learning strategies on student literacy performance based on the 2002 Hong Kong Program for International Student Assessment. The descriptive statistics show that students use the memorization strategy almost as frequently as the elaboration strategy. Independent sample t-tests reveal that female students prefer to use more memorization strategies a...

Education at this time can be done in various ways using increasingly advanced technological facilities. Today's technology used fields, including education. This is a demand for teacher to improve learning methods their students, so that students become more interested learning. The purpose of research will describe memorization-based the Koran early childhood e-pen tool. article was compiled ...

What is the relationship between memorization of information and the behavior used to retrieve that information? Searching for photos stored on a media is a common activity. Chances are that it is easier to find some types of photos than others. To determine the reason for this, we conducted a user study to clarify the mechanisms people use to retrieve information. We found that the operational...

Cognitive flexibility is defined as the ability to assimilate previously learned information and concepts to generate novel solutions to new problems. This skill is crucial for success within ill-structured domains such as biology, physiology, and medicine, where many concepts are simultaneously required for understanding a complex problem, yet the problem consists of patterns or combinations o...