OBJECTIVES To assess the changes in phosphodiester (PDE)-levels, detected by 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), over 24-months to determine the potential of PDE as marker for muscle tissue changes in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) patients. METHODS Spatially resolved phosphorous datasets were acquired in the right lower leg of 18 DMD patients (range: 5-15.4 years) and 12 age-matche...

iii 1 Background and Significance 1 2 Preliminary Studies 3 2.1 PDE Time Integrators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 2.2 PDE Nonlinear Solvers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 2.3 PDE-constrained Optimization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 2.4 Linear Solvers . . . ...

The Haar wavelet collocation with iteration technique is applied for solving a class of time-fractional physical equations. The approximate solutions obtained by two dimensional Haar wavelet with iteration technique are compared with those obtained by analytical methods such as Adomian decomposition method (ADM) and variational iteration method (VIM). The results show that the present scheme is...

This paper investigates the pricing formula for barrier options where underlying asset is driven by sub-mixed fractional Brownian motion with jump. By applying corresponding Ito^’s formula, B-S type PDE derived a self-financing strategy. Furthermore, explicit obtained through converting to Cauchy problem. Numerical experiments are conducted test impact of price, Hurst index, jump intensity and ...

This study investigates the wave solutions of time-fractional Sawada–Kotera–Ito equation (SKIE) that arise in shallow water and many other fluid mediums by utilizing some most flexible high-precision methods. The SKIE is a nonlinear integrable partial differential (PDE) with significant applications dynamics mechanics. However, traditional numerical methods used for analyzing this are often pla...

The inverse multiquadric radial basis function (RBF), which is one of the most important functions in theory RBFs, employed on an adaptive mesh points for pricing a fractional Black–Scholes partial differential equation (PDE) based modified RL derivative. To solve this problem, discretization along space carried out non-uniform grid order to focus hot area, at initial condition model, i.e., pay...

In this paper, the modified Korteweg-de Vries (mKdV) equation with variable coefficients (vc-mKdV equation) is investigated via two kinds of approaches and symbolic computation. On the one hand, we firstly reduce the vc-mKdV equation to a second-order nonlinear nonhomogeneous ODE using travelling wave-like similarity transformation. And then we obtain its many types of exact fractional solution...

In this paper, a numerical efficient method is proposed for the solution of time fractional mobile/immobile equation. The fractional derivative of equation is described in the Caputo sense. The proposed method is based on a finite difference scheme in time and Legendre spectral method in space. In this approach the time fractional derivative of mentioned equation is approximated by a scheme of ord...