The aim of our study was to evaluate antibodies against thyroglobulin (anti-TG) and thyroid peroxidase (anti-TPO) - markers of autoimmune thyroiditis - in several groups of adult patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). We were particularly interested whether the presence of thyroid antibodies is related to the positivity of glutamic acid decarboxylase antibodies (anti-GAD). We f...

Background: There are few published reports on the clinical characteristics of auto-immune thyroid disease in the African. Objectives: To assess the clinical features Thyrotropin Receptor (TR) and Thyroid Peroxidase (TPO) antibodies in Toxic Graves’ and Spontaneous Primary Hypothyroidism (SPH). Methods: Cross sectional study of black African patients with Toxic Graves’ and SPH attending an Endo...

BACKGROUND Hashimoto's encephalitis (HE) is a rare neurological complication of Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT), while limbic encephalitis (LE) is an autoimmune inflammatory disorder frequently associated with anti-neuronal antibodies. The glutamate receptor α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole-propionic acid receptor (AMPAR) is important for synaptic transmission, memory, and learning. The etio...

Background: Thyroid autoimmunity and thyroid dysfunction is predominant in women of procreative age has been linked with hostile fertility. Objective: To evaluate the association unexplained infertility (UI). Material Methods: A case-control study was performed by department Physiology Basic Medical Sciences Institute collaboration Jinnah Postgraduate Centre, Karachi from May 2018 to June 2019....

BACKGROUND Isotretinoin is widely used in the treatment of acne. AIMS We investigated the effects of isotretinoin on thyroid function tests and thyroid volume in acne patients. METHODS In this prospective study, a total of 104 acne patients were included. Sixty-six patients were treated with isotretinoin for at least 4 months. Thirty eight patients were included in the control group. The le...

OBJECTIVE Thyroid diseases are common in individuals with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and should be investigated annually in these individuals. The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency of thyroid diseases in first degree relatives (FDR) of patients with T1DM. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Eighty individuals (40 patients with T1DM and 40 FDR) were interviewed and blood was sampled for th...