The study of clinical ocular manifestations recruited 105 patients who presented to the Endocrine and Eye clinics of Lithuanian University of Medical Sciences with a history of thyroid diseases. The study comprised two groups of patients: the group I included 36 patients (under 18 years) and the group II-69 (from 18 to 34 years). As the control group, 25 children and 30 young adults of similar ...

Thyroid disease is a very common endocrine disorder worldwide. As thyroid functioning directly affects most of our organisms,fast and accurate recognition of thyroid diseases are of great importance.Four types of thyroid diseases are of main interest:Hypothyroidism, Hyperthyroidism. Hashimoto’s thyroiditis,(autoimmune thyroiditis), and thyroid cancer. Out of various different diagnostic tools a...

Technical advances in high-resolution ultrasound have brought ultrasound to the forefront of thyroid imaging. Despite the seeming similarity in the imaging appearance of diffuse thyroid diseases, the radiologist should be able to identify patients with diffuse thyroid abnormality, be aware of the spectrum of the imaging appearance of common thyroid conditions, suggest a clinically relevant diff...

introduction: considering the influence of geographical, genetic and ethnic factors on the prevalence of thyroid pathological lesions, this study was performed to assess the prevalence of pathological lesions in thyroid autopsic samples obtained from adult cadavers of isfahan forensic medical center. material and methods: in this study, 202 thyroid glands from cadavers with no evidence of thyro...

the THYROID?A PHYSIOLOGICAL, p*th?" LOGICAL AND SURGICAL STUDY.?By T. Levitt. * j r/Jinhimnh Published by E. and S. Livingstone Ltd., Edinburgh and London. Pp. 606 plus xxiv. Price, ?5 s. This is a monumental monograph on diseases of the Thyroid gland and contains many origina 1 eas. It is the result of the author's 25 years experience in the study of Thyroid Pathology. It deals^ extensive y wi...

Recently, there has been growing interest in the relationship between allergic and autoimmune diseases. Allergy and autoimmunity can be considered two potential outcomes of dysregulated immunity and analysis of literature data shows a strong positive association between a history of Th2-mediated allergic disorders and Th1-mediated autoimmune disorders.Autoimmune thyroid diseases are the most co...

Thyroid disorder is a general term representing several different diseases involving thyroid hormones and the thyroid gland. Thyroid disorders are commonly separated into two major categories, hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism, depending on whether serum thyroid hormone levels (T4 and T3) are increased or decreased, respectively. Thyroid disease generally may be sub-classified based on etiolog...

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and autoimmune diseases of the thyroid gland (AITD) often occur together. As diseases, they share common pathological pathways, reflecting fact that treatment underlying disease can influence course disorders. The pharmacotherapy RA is based on supply disease-modifying anti-inflammatory drugs with an increasing focus biologics. This article aims to review available lit...

Thyroid hormones regulate growth by several mechanisms. In addition to their negative feedback effect on the stimulatory hormones thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) and thyrotropin (TSH), thyroid hormones also regulate their receptors in various physiological and pathological conditions. Up-regulation and down-regulation of the thyroid receptors fine-tune the biological effects exerted by the ...