Herpes simplex virus infection of mammalian hosts involves lytic replication at a primary site, such as the cornea, translocation by axonal transport to sensory ganglia and replication, and latent infection at a secondary site, ganglionic neurons. The virus-encoded thymidine kinase, which is a target for antiviral drugs such as acyclovir, is not essential for lytic replication yet evidently is ...

Dihydrofolate reductase (FH2 reductase) activity increased following infection of mouse kidney cell cultures with polyoma virus or monkey kidney cell cultures with SV40. The increase was 1st detected about 15-24 hr after infection, and at 30 hr after infection the enzyme activity was about 3-fold greater than that of noninfected cells. Thymidine kinase activity also increased at about 15-24 hr ...

Dihydrofolate reductase (FH2 reductase) activity increased following infection of mouse kidney cell cultures with polyoma virus or monkey kidney cell cultures with SV40. The increase was 1st detected about 15-24 hr after infection, and at 30 hr after infection the enzyme activity was about 3-fold greater than that of noninfected cells. Thymidine kinase activity also increased at about 15-24 hr ...

The entire chicken ovalbumin gene, accompanied by genomic DNA sequences flanking both termini of the gene and three copies of the herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase gene, has been cloned in plasmid pBR322. This recombinant plasmid was linearized and used to transform thymidine kinase-deficient mouse cells. Thymidine kinase-positive transformants were selected by their ability to grow in the ...

A rapid decrease in the incorporation of [3H]thymidine into DNA at a non-permissive temperature was observed in two temperature-sensitive mutants that were isolated from mouse FM3A cells. This change was not due to a decrease in the rate of DNA replication, but was closely associated with a decrease in thymidine kinase activity of these cells. Experiments to test thermolability of thymidine kin...

Fluorodeoxyuridine (FdUrd) is a cytotoxic analogue of thymidine which requires activation by thymidine kinase to FdUMP. FdUMP inhibits thymidylate synthetase and, thus, the synthesis of (ITI P. 5'Aminothymidine (S'-AdThd) can antagonize the feedback inhibition ex erted by dTTP on thymidine kinase activity and thereby stimulate FdUrd phosphorylation. This provided a novel approach to assess the ...

Genetical and biochemical evidence indicates that herpes simplex virus (types and 2) specifies a unique kinase activity which is able to phosphorylate both thymidine and deoxycytidine. Pseudorabies virus specifies an enzyme which has only thymidine kinase activity and so does vaccinia virus, while equine abortion virus does not induce either activity. It is shown that the HSV specified deoxypyr...

Nuclear and mitochondrial (mt) DNA replication occur within two physically separated compartments and on different time scales. Both require a balanced supply of dNTPs. During S phase, dNTPs for nuclear DNA are synthesized de novo from ribonucleotides and by salvage of thymidine in the cytosol. Mitochondria contain specific kinases for salvage of deoxyribonucleosides that may provide a compartm...

Purified recombinant protein encoded by the BXLF-I open reading frame of the Epstein-Barr virus genome has thymidine kinase activity. The substrate behaviors of various nucleosides toward this enzyme were tested. Halogenated deoxyuridines, zidovudine, and bromovinyldeoxyuridine are efficient substrates, while acyclovir and dihydroxypropylmethylguanine are relatively poor substrates for the Epst...