The analytic behavior of the heavy-light meson form factor is investigated using several relativistic examples including unconfined, weakly confined, and strongly confined mesons. It is observed that confinement erases the anomalous threshold singularity and also induces an essential singularity at the normal annihilation threshold. In the weak confinement limit, the would be anomalous threshol...

We propose a new diversity threshold theory which states that the specific CTLs to the viral strain become inactivated (that is, some HIV strain can escape from its specific immune response) when the diversity of HIV strains exceeds some threshold number. We call this number "immune diversity threshold". Our theory can explain the inactivation of specific immune response and a limit of maximum ...

The high and very cycle fatigue (VHCF) properties of ultrahigh-strength Ck45M steel processed by thermomechanical rolling integrated direct quenching were investigated. S–N tests with smooth small drilled holes containing specimens as well near-threshold crack growth measurements performed up to 2 × 1010 cycles using ultrasonic-fatigue testing technique. strength is mainly determined the size n...

Abstract While climatic research about treeline has a long history, the conditions corresponding to upper limit of closed alpine grasslands remain poorly understood. Here, we propose definition for this limit, ‘grassline’, in analogy treeline, which is based on growing season length and soil temperature. Eighty-seven mountain summits across ten European ranges, covering three biomes (boreal, te...

Objective: To define threshold limit values and legally binding occupational exposure limits. Data Sources: Review of suitable literature. Study Selection: Studies based on detailed descriptions and/or measurements of airborne allergenic dust, total allergens, or even key allergens were selected. Results: Prevalences of IgE-mediated sensitization and occupational asthma are related to the aeroa...

We consider a single server queue in discrete time, in which customers must be served before some limit sojourn time of geometrical distribution. A customer who is not served before this limit leaves the system. The fact of serving customers, holding them in queue or losing them induce costs. The purpose is to decide when to serve the customers so as to minimize these costs. We use a Markov Dec...