Contrast-modulated (CM) gratings, composed of two luminance-modulated sinusoids of similar spatial frequency, mask the detection of test sinusoids at the difference frequency. However, the mechanism underlying masking by CM gratings remains poorly understood. In this paper, we aimed to determine whether the masking of 1 cycle deg(-1) LM test gratings by a 1 cycle deg(-1) beat (formed from a pai...

The aim of the study was to assess changes in the anaerobic threshold of young soccer players in an annual training cycle. A group of highly trained 15-18 year old players of KKS Lech Poznań were tested. The tests included an annual training macrocycle, and its individual stages resulted from the time structure of the sports training. In order to assess the level of exercise capacities of the p...

Purpose Recent progress in retinal laser therapy has centered upon using thermal stress below damage threshold or selective destruction of targeted tissue layers as a stimulus for retinal repair. Temporal modulation, including micropulse, is thought to increase the selectivity of laser treatment, but has not been carefully analyzed. We measure and model the tissue response to continuous-wave (C...

1. introduction mountains are the main sources of turbulence and change in the shape of atmospheric flows, and they can cause airflow upward as well as clouds formation and rain through productive mechanisms such as upslope condensation and convection. they also have an important effect on regional and world precipitation turbulence (banta, 1990; barros & lettenmaier, 1994), and can cause sever...

OBJECTIVES Understanding the relationship between the menstrual cycle and pain can contribute significantly to our knowledge of pain processing in women. Many early studies suggested that pain sensitivity was enhanced during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle relative to the follicular phase; however, these studies were often limited by small sample sizes, lack of ovulation verification, f...

in this paper we present a new method for tool-path generation and adaptive interpolation for a three-axis cnc milling machine. this method satisfied the force and / or the error conditions by using a variable-direction variable-feedrate strategy based on maximum feedrate map. the proposed adaptive interpolator modifies the cutting path and the moving direction according to the actual instantan...

Fifteen years ago, it was proposed that the cell cycle in fission yeast can be driven by quantitative changes in the activity of a single protein kinase complex comprising a cyclin - namely cyclin B - and cyclin dependent kinase 1 (Cdk1). When its activity is low, Cdk1 triggers the onset of S phase; when its activity level exceeds a specific threshold, it promotes entry into mitosis. This model...

The generation of high-order harmonics1 and attosecond pulses2 at ultrahigh repetition rates (>1 MHz) promises to revolutionize ultrafast spectroscopy. Such vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) and soft X-ray sources could potentially be driven directly by plasmonic enhancement of laser pulses from a femtosecond oscillator3,4, but recent experiments suggest that the VUV signal is actually dominated by inco...

Aiming at examining the problems of low cache hit ratio and high-average routing hops in named data networking (NDN), this paper proposes a cache-optimization strategy based on dynamic popularity replacement value. When requested content arrives node, latest is calculated number requests current cycle previous cycle. We adjust node threshold according to occupation space with higher than thresh...

Symptoms of endometriosis (ENDO), among others, include pelvic/abdominal and muscle pain. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents are first-line treatment for this pain. Similar to women, rats with surgically induced ENDO, but not its surgical control, exhibit vaginal hyperalgesia, which in rats is evidenced by a decreased threshold for the visceromotor response (VMR) induced by vaginal distenti...