Intestinal mucin synthesis is sensitive to dietary threonine supply, which suggests that the gut's requirement for threonine may comprise a significant proportion of the whole body requirement. We used a continuously perfused gut loop model and intraluminal flooding dose technique in 6 young pigs to study the acute effects of varying luminal availability of threonine on intestinal protein and m...

GThreonine dehydratase catalyzes the nonoxidative conversion of /Y-substituted amino acids to cr-keto acids. In this manuscript the nature of the nucleophiles which are eliminated is established, new substrates are reported, and inhibition by j&substituted alanines investigated. It is now shown that threonine dehydratase will catalyze the q/3 elimination of -OH, -Cl, and -F as HzO, and HX from ...

T RANSCRIPTION in eukaryotes involves transcriptional activators, proteins that bind to specific sites distal from the TATA box termed enhancers or u p stream activation sequences (UASs) . When bound to a UAS, a transcriptional activator is able to stimulate the transcription initiation complex leading to synthesis of the mRNA. The ability of Saccharomyces cermisiar to use serine or threonine a...

Serine/threonine phosphorylation is an important mechanism that is involved in the regulation of protein function. In eukaryotes, phosphorylation occurs predominantly in intrinsically disordered regions of proteins. Though serine/threonine phosphorylation and protein disorder are much less prevalent in prokaryotes, some bacteria have high levels of serine/threonine phosphorylation and disorder,...

Eukaryotic protein kinases are generally classified as being either tyrosine or serine-threonine specific. Though not evident from inspection of their primary sequences, many serine-threonine kinases display a significant preference for serine or threonine as the phosphoacceptor residue. Here we show that a residue located in the kinase activation segment, which we term the "DFG+1" residue, act...

Pentapeptides having the sequence R-HN-Ala-Val-X-Val-Leu-OMe, where the central residue X is L-serine, L-threonine, (2S,3R)-L-CF3-threonine and (2S,3S)-L-CF3-threonine were prepared. The capacity of (2S,3S)- and (2S,3R)-CF3-threonine analogues to stabilize an extended structure when introduced in the central position of pentapeptides is demonstrated by NMR conformational studies and molecular d...

BACKGROUND Deletion of large blocks of nonessential genes that are not needed for metabolic pathways of interest can reduce the production of unwanted by-products, increase genome stability, and streamline metabolism without physiological compromise. Researchers have recently constructed a reduced-genome Escherichia coli strain MDS42 that lacks 14.3% of its chromosome. RESULTS Here we describ...

Culture forms of Trypanosoma brucei S42 were maintained in defined media by serial subculturing (Cross & Manning, 1973; Klein et al., 1975). Under these conditions considerable quantities of L-threonine were metabolized and equimolar concentrations of glycine and acetate were excreted. Glycine was identified by using an amino acid analyser and acetate was characterized as the p-bromophenacyl de...

The observation that Leuconostoc dextranicum 8086 requires either aspartic acid or threonine for growth resulted in studies in which a ri%e’ of aspartic acid in the biosynthesis of threonine was demonstrated in certain lactobacilli (1). In the present investigation, the nature of the requirement for either aspartic acid or threonine for growth of L. dextranicum 8086 has been found to be the res...

There is a real quest to develop reduced-crude protein diets facilitate sustainable chicken-meat production. However, pronounced elevations in threonine plasma concentrations systemic have consistently been observed pursuant crude reductions for broiler chickens. The aim of the present Perspective was consider genesis and consequences these elevated concentrations. A series five feeding studies...