A quasi one-dimensional analysis of a STOVL aircraft nozzle in hover is performed to estimate the gross thrust coefficient as a function of nozzle pressure and nozzle area ratios. The analysis is supported by subscale, cold flow test results. The nozzle performance was found to be less than desirable in hover due to the overexpansion arising from the geometrical constraints of the existing nozzle.

The influence of additives inducing viscoelasticity in diesel fuel, on the in-nozzle cavitation evolution and expelled spray morphology has been quantified by high-speed, diffused back-light schlieren imaging applied to two single-hole true-scale transparent injectors straight tapered orifice layouts (so-called Spray C D engine Combustion Network), as well a five-hole configuration (Spray M). M...

We report a cell-dispensing technique, using a core-shell nozzle and an absorbent dispensing stage to form cell-embedded struts. In the shell of the nozzle, a cross-linking agent flowed continuously onto the surface of the dispensed bioink in the core nozzle, so that the bioink struts were rapidly gelled, and any remnant cross-linking solution during the process was rapidly absorbed into the wo...

The radial water distribution and irrigation performance of an agricultural sprinkler with plastic nozzles were analysed. Twenty-six tests with an isolated sprinkler corresponding to different combinations of three working pressure (p, 200, 300 and 400 kPa) and three nozzle diameters of the main nozzle (4.0, 4.5 and 5.0 mm) were performed to evaluate the radial water distribution curves, All th...

A series of coaxial dual-stream jets issuing into quiescent air was investigated using Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes calculations with linear two-equation and nonlinear two-equation explicit algebraic stress turbulence modeling. Comparisons of calculated mean flowfield development were made with experimental data. For all cases, a single axisymmetric convergent-divergent nozzle provided a Mac...

The airframe-integrated linear-spike nozzle concept applied to an external nozzle for high-speed aircraft was evaluated with regard to the thrust augmentation capability and the trim balance. The main focus was on the vehicle aftbody. The baseline airframe geometry was first premised to be a hypersonic waverider design. The baseline aftbody case had an external nozzle comprised of a simple dive...

An experimental approach is proposed to investigate the gas-solid structure in the vicinity of a sparger nozzle in a fluidized bed. The local hydrodynamics were studied under injection velocities ranging between 0 and 100 m/s and three orientations. A fiber-optic probe was used to measure the instantaneous local particle holdup near the tip of the sparger nozzle. Under the investigated conditio...

To solve the insufficient energy for reverse circulation fishing tools in complex structure wells, it is necessary to further optimize design of improve impurity salvage efficiency. In this work, a three-dimensional (3D) flow field simulation model tool with venturi negative pressure employed identify vortex zone channel and investigate jet velocity distribution around spray nozzle based on ANS...