Introduction S tudents not reading proficiently by the end of 3rd grade are four times more likely than proficient readers to drop out of high school. 1 This fact and other recent research on the importance of early literacy skills have culminated in an intense focus on improving 3rd-grade reading proficiency. The challenges of improving literacy are, in turn, causing more state leaders to conf...

In the present study, non-Newtonian flow in annular pipe is considered. The analytical solution for velocity and temperature fields is presented while entropy generation due to fluid friction and heat transfer is formulated. The third grade fluid with constant properties is accommodated in the analysis. It is found that reducing non-Newtonian parameter increases maximum velocity magnitude and m...

Current mathematics curricula have as one of their fundamental objectives the development number sense. This is understood a set skills. Some them an algebraic nature such acquiring abstract understanding relations between numbers, developing awareness properties and structure decimal system using it in strategic manner. In this framework, term relational thinking directs attention towards way ...