Chemical reactions lie at the heart of many biological processes, from photosynthesis and respiration to cell signaling and drug metabolism. Thanks to an atmosphere rich in oxygen, many organisms use oxygen to carry out these life processes. But oxygen metabolism produces highly toxic by-products called reactive oxygen species. When oxidation outpaces detoxifying reactions, oxidative stress occ...

Chemical reactions lie at the heart of many biological processes, from photosynthesis and respiration to cell signaling and drug metabolism. Thanks to an atmosphere rich in oxygen, many organisms use oxygen to carry out these life processes. But oxygen metabolism produces highly toxic by-products called reactive oxygen species. When oxidation outpaces detoxifying reactions, oxidative stress occ...

Objective: Iron is an element, which found in the structure of antioxidant enzymes and has important role inactivation reactive oxygen species. Disruption oxidant-antioxidant balance may be playing a pathogenesis iron deficiency anemia (IDA). Dynamic thiol-disulfide homeostasis (DTDH) serum ischemia-modified albumin (IMA) levels are indicators pro-oxidant/antioxidant status. In this study, we a...

While new anti-cytokine disease-modifying anti-arthritic drugs for rheumatoid arthritis have been designed via mechanistic approaches, the mechanism of action of a number of more established disease-modifying anti-arthritic drugs has not been elucidated. In the case of d-penicillamine and sodium aurothiomalate, the key structural feature appears to be a free thiol group. However, the role thiol...

The oxidation of low density lipoprotein (LDL) may be important in atherosclerosis. LDL can be oxidized by cultured cells, including macrophages and endothelial cells. This cellular oxidation is dependent on transition metal ions in the medium. We now report that LDL oxidation by endothelial cells and macrophages is caused by cell-dependent appearance of thiol in the medium ("thiol production")...

The influence of oxidation of membrane thiol groups on lysosomal proton permeability was studied by measuring lysosomal pH with FITC-conjugated dextran, determining the membrane potential with 3,3'-dipropylthiadicarbocyanine iodide and monitoring their proton leakage with p-nitrophenol. Residual membrane thiol groups were measured with 5,5'-dithiobis-(2-nitrobenzoic acid). The lysosomal membran...

This study investigated the thiol-disulphide balance in vaginitis, which is a local inflammatory condition, through the use of a new method. A cross-sectional study involving 82 women (45 women with vaginitis and 37 women in control group) was conducted at Ataturk Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey from February 2016 to April 2016. Their ages varied between 19-75 years (mean: 42.8±...

The stoichiometric relationship between thiol oxidized and NO reduced was studied for the reaction catalyzed by nitric oxide reductase from Paracoccus denitrificans. The reaction systems consisted of dithiothreitol, ascorbate, phenazine methosulfate, enzyme and NO, or that system minus ascorbate. The mole ratio of thiol groups oxidized to NO reduced was observed to be 2.3 to 1.5 over a range of...

The reactivities of the two cysteine thiol groups of calf thymus F3 histone were investigated using 5,5'-dithiobis-[2- nitrobenzoic acid], (DTNB). In isolated histone, both thiol groups were available for reaction. However, analysis of reaction profiles of native deoxyribonucleohistone, (DNH), in various solvent conditions, together with gel electrophoresis studies of DNH modified with DTNB, sh...

Chemical reactions lie at the heart of many biological processes, from photosynthesis and respiration to cell signaling and drug metabolism. Thanks to an atmosphere rich in oxygen, many organisms use oxygen to carry out these life processes. But oxygen metabolism produces highly toxic by-products called reactive oxygen species. When oxidation outpaces detoxifying reactions, oxidative stress occ...