The role of the tryptophan-metabolizing enzyme indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) in down-regulating human alloresponses has recently been controversially debated. We here demonstrate that human monocyte-derived dendritic cells (mDCs) can be endowed with sustained IDO competence in vitro by 48-hour activation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and interferon-gamma (IFN). IFNalso amplified proinflamma...

In recent years, microwave irradiation using commercial domestic ovens for the optimization and acceleration of organic reactions has rapidly increased1−2.It has been reported that a variety of reactions such as Dielsalder , ene, Claisen reactions , Fischer cyclization, synthesis of heterocycles , hydrolysis of esters , hydrogenation, deprotection of benzyl ester, deacetylation of diacetates, o...

On the basis of the relationship between the fluorescence characteristics of the benzofurazan compounds and the Hammett constants (sigma p), a new fluorescence Edman reagent, 7-methylthio-4-(2,1,3-benzoxadiazolyl) isothiocyanate (MTBD-NCS) was designed and synthesized. MTBD-thiohydantoin (TH)-amino acid derivatives produced by the Edman sequencing method gave fluorescence, whereas other degrada...

Combinatorial chemistry provides a powerful tool for an incessant demand of novel chemical entities from medicinal chemistry and has greatly influenced the whole gamut of drug discovery process. In recent years it has been experiencing a paradigm shift with special emphasis laid on liquidphase methodologies.1,2 Though the idea of a macromolecule acting as a support for organic reactions was bor...

Characteristic cytoplasmic inclusions (myelin figures), consisting of concentric multilaminar paired membranes surrounding one or more lipid bodies, were produced in rat liver parenchymal cells by incorporating high doses of an anticonvulsant agent (Bax 422Z) into the animals' diet. Enzymatic reaction product (presumably lead phosphate) was found around the central fat of these myelin figures i...