Gangliosides were isolated from human senile cataractous lenses by solvent extraction, DEAE-Sephadex column chromatography, and thin-layer chromatography. The content and composition of gangliosides were examined in individual lens tissues. Three predominant gangliosides, GM3, GM1, and GD1a, were tentatively identified in comparison with authentic brain gangliosides, and several unidentified ga...

We have demonstrated analytically and numerically that at least 10-100-fold enhancements in intensities for similar input energies can be achieved in the focal region of a thin dielectric lens by the use of pulsed beams specifically designed for that purpose.

In this work a Fresnel lens array for Passive InfraRed (PIR) motion sensors was designed, fabricated and tested. The resulting spatial filtering lens array presents the capability of distinguishing the presence of humans from small pets. Such array designed to operate in the visible range of the spectrum was manufactured on a Diamond-Like Carbon (DLC) thin film, using well-known microfabricatio...

Gap junctions formed by connexons and thin junctions formed by lens-specific aquaporin 0 (AQP0) mediate the tight packing of fibre cells necessary for lens transparency. Gap junctions conduct water, ions and metabolites between cells, whereas junctional AQP0 seems to be involved in cell adhesion. High-resolution atomic force microscopy (AFM) showed the supramolecular organization of these prote...

As for homogeneous lenses, for axial gradients the analysis of the Seidel and chromatic aberration coefficients can be very useful in lens design. However, at present few commercial optical design programs list the Seidel aberrations of GRIN lenses and none of them lists the chromatic aberrations. In order to facilitate the computer implementation of the chromatic aberrations of axial GRIN lens...

PURPOSE This study explores the order of assembly of the lens fiber cell plasma membrane. Because the lens must synthesize most of its membrane components, our approach was to map directly the spatial distribution of cholesterol, fatty acid (reflecting phospholipid), and the main intrinsic protein, MP26, synthesis in the lens and, thereby, determine the extent to which membrane component synthe...

We report the generation of diffraction patterns using X-ray pulses from a fs-laser plasma focused by an X-ray capillary lens to a spot size smaller than 100 μm. A thin moving iron tape is irradiated at 10 Hz with 200 mJ/130 fs titanium–sapphire laser pulses. Fe Kα (λ= 0.194 nm) radiation emitted from the rear side of the tape is focused to a spot by the capillary lens resulting in an intensity...

We wish to report the first experimental demonstration of two-photon “ghost” imaging with a pseudo-thermal source. Similarly to the case of entangled states, a two-photon Gaussian thin lens equation is observed. We introduce the concepts of “two-photon coherent” and “two-photon incoherent” imaging. The differences between the entangled and the thermal cases are explained in terms of these conce...

We study the influence of third-order spherical aberration on the group velocity dispersion and on the propagation time delay of a plane pulse that is focused by a thin lens. Applications in refractive-diffractive propagation time delay compensation systems and in Gaussian temporal-shaped pulses are analyzed.

The effect of currents of mass on bending of light rays is considered in the weak field regime. Following Fermat’s principle and the standard theory of gravitational lensing, we derive the gravitomagnetic correction to time delay function and deflection angle caused by a geometrically-thin lens. The cases of both rotating and shifting deflectors are discussed.