A thermodynamic model of a compartment fire with one state variable (corresponding to the dimensionless temperature of the smoke layer) based on energy conservation is studied from the point of view of the Second Law (exergy analysis). To define the exergy rate of the process, a novel concept of mean thermodynamic temperature is introduced for the smoke layer. This parameter is the equivalent o...

Let k be an algebraically closed field of characteristic exponent p ≥ 1. Let G be a connected reductive algebraic group over k and let g be the Lie algebra of G. Note that G acts on G and on g by the adjoint action and on g by the coadjoint action. (For any k-vector space V we denote by V ∗ the dual vector space.) Let GC be the reductive group over C of the same type as G. Let UG be the variety...

Abstract: Life is a complex biological phenomenon represented by numerous chemical, physical and biological processes performed by a biothermodynamic system/cell/organism. Both living organisms and inanimate objects are subject to aging, a biological and physicochemical process characterized by changes in biological and thermodynamic state. Thus, the same physical laws govern processes in both ...

This paper discusses the thermodynamic irreversibility realized in high-dimensional Hamiltonian systems with a time-dependent parameter. A new quantity, the irreversible information loss, is defined from the Lyapunov analysis so as to characterize the thermodynamic irreversibility. It is proved that this new quantity satisfies an inequality associated with the second law of thermodynamics. Base...

At low temperatures the configurational phase space of a macroscopic complex system (e.g., a spin-glass) of N ∼ 10 interacting particles may split into an exponential number Ωs ∼ exp(const × N) of ergodic sub-spaces (thermodynamic states). It is usually assumed that the equilibrium collective behavior of such a system is determined by its ground thermodynamic states of the minimal free-energy d...

32 F420 coenzyme models with alkylation of the three different N atoms (N1, N3 and N10) in the core structure (XFH(-)) were designed and synthesized and the thermodynamic driving forces (defined in terms of the molar enthalpy changes or the standard redox potentials in this work) of the 32 XFH(-) releasing hydride ions, hydrogen atoms and electrons, the thermodynamic driving forces of the 32 XF...

Synoptic situations producing rainfall at four rawinsonde observatories at eastern Spain are classified as stratiform or convective depending on dynamic and thermodynamic instability indices. Two daily radiosonde and daily-accumulated precipitation data from four observatories in Eastern Spain are used: Madrid-Barajas (MB), Murcia (MU), Palma de Mallorca (PA) and Zaragoza (ZA). We calculated tw...

Model choice plays an increasingly important role in Statistics. From a Bayesian perspective a crucial goal is to compute the marginal likelihood of the data for a given model. This however is typically a difficult task since it amounts to integrating over all model parameters. The aim of this paper is to illustrate how this may be achieved using ideas from thermodynamic integration or path sam...