resistance spot welding is an important manufacturing process in the automotive industry for assembling bodies. the quality and strength of the welds and, by extension, the body is mainly defined by the quality of the weld nuggets. the most effective parameters in this process are sheet material, geometry of electrodes, electrode force, current intensity, welding time and sheet thickness. the p...

Mechanical structures are often simultaneously subjected to thermal and mechanical loading, both of which can lead buckling failure. Developing efficient structural forms with better capacity for stability is important keep safe. This study aims optimize by using a density-based topology optimization scheme. Instead treating the loadings as single coupled part in linearized analysis, effects de...

Abstract In this paper, the three-dimensional magnetic diffusion governing equations of an electromagnetic railgun are derived based on Maxwell’s and coupled with energy equations. The finite element method is used to calculate current density, temperature, force distribution for armature velocities 0, 200, 600, 1200 m/s. results show that there a concentration phenomenon rail’s inner surface t...