In writing this paper, I call for a serious investigation of the hypothesis that WTC 7 and the Twin Towers were brought down, not just by damage and fires, but through the use of pre-positioned explosives. I consider the official FEMA, NIST, and 9-11 Commission reports that fires plus damage alone caused complete collapses of all three buildings. And I present evidence for the explosive-demolit...

This paper reports on the mechanisms of CuO decomposition and its associated phase transformation into ${\mathrm{Cu}}_{2}\mathrm{O}$, as a fundamental step thermite materials reaction, where serves oxidizer. The Frenkel pair defects in perfect bulk show extremely high formation energy (>4 eV) indicating that initiates at defects/interfaces/surfaces, latter being sensitive to surface orientat...

In the current study, a thermal model was used to investigate the effects of welding parameters on the distribution of temperature in wide gap aluminothermic rail welds. To solve the governing thermal equation, SUTCAST, a finite difference program (FDM) was employed while different aspects such as phase change and convective heat transfer in weld pool were taken into account in the numerical so...