Variable fixing is an important technique when solving combinatorial optimization problems. Unique profitable variable values are detected with respect to the objective function and to the constraint structure of the problem. Relying on that specific structure, effective variable fixing algorithms (VFAs) are only suited for the problems they have been designed for. Frequently, new combinatorial...

The smaller the size of a light-emitting microcavity, the more important it becomes to understand the effects of the cavity boundary on the optical mode profile. Conventional methods of laser physics, such as the paraxial approximation, become inapplicable in many of the more exotic cavity designs to be discussed here. Cavities in the shape of microdisks, pillars and rings can yield low lasing ...

In this paper the process of laser forming has been investigated using an analytical and an experimental method for three levels scans velocity. A coupled analysis has been performed in ANSYS®. Also in order to prove the predictive methods, experiments on thin sheet metals have been done when a laser of a fair power was used. Before done, experiments were designed with full factorial chosen as ...

in this paper deflection and free vibration of sandwich panel is studied. the core of sandwich panels is made of hexagonal honeycomb and faces are made of two different materials of carbon fiber reinforced plastic and k-aryl/epoxy covering. the governing equations are deduced from the first order sheer deformation theory (fsdt) and they are solved using generalized differential quadrature metho...

the catalytic acvtivity of dimeric and monomeric ortho-palladated complexes [pd{c6h2(ch2nh2-(ome)2,3,4}(µ-cl)]2)2) and [pd{c6h2(ch2nh2-(ome)2,3,4}cl(pph3)](3), was investigated in heck cross-coupling reaction. these complexes are more active and efficient catalysts for heck cross-coupling reaction. the palladium complexes 2 and 3 is employed in the heck cross-coupling reaction between styrene a...

The locomotive assignment and the freight train scheduling are important problems in railway transportation. Freight cars are coupled to form a freight rake. The freight rake becomes a train when a locomotive is coupled to it. The locomotive assignment problem assigns locomotives to a set of freight rakes in a way that, with minimum locomotive deadheading time, rake coupling delay and locomotiv...