While it is well established that the isoform 2 of hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated cation channel (HCN2) plays an important role in development and maintenance pain, closely related HCN4 processing nociceptive signals not known. channels are highly expressed thalamus, a region for stimulus transmission information processing. We used brain-specific HCN4-knockout mouse line (...

Composite materials are one answer to the growing demand for materials with better parameters of construction and exploitation. Composite materials also permit conscious shaping of desirable properties to increase the extent of reach in the case of metals, ceramics or polymers. In recent years, composite materials have been used widely in aerospace, energy, transportation, medicine, etc. Fiber-...

Most tests that assess pain in animals involve motor responses to noxious stimuli. This practice depends on the implicit premise of a strong relationship between nociception and motor activity [Le Bars et al., 2001, Smith, 1995]. Therefore, a behavior can and should be analyzed as thoroughly as any brain structure and function involving motor activity in neurological investigations. The importa...

There are only a few studies looking at the analgesic effect of cold chamber exposures in patients suffering from fibromyalgia. However, in addition to the pain symptoms, patients with this syndrome also frequently suffer from an increased sensitivity to cold. Thus, the effect of cold chamber exposures (-67°C, 1-3 min) on the sensitivity to pain, thermal comfort and actual pain intensity was ex...

Neural stimulation is a critical technique in treating neurological diseases and investigating brain functions. Traditional electrical stimulation uses electrodes to directly create intervening electric fields in the immediate vicinity of neural tissues. Second-generation stimulation techniques directly use light, magnetic fields or ultrasound in a non-contact manner. An emerging generation of ...

Resiniferatoxin (RTX) is an ultrapotent synthetic TRPV1 (transient receptor potential vanilloid subtype 1) agonist with significant initial transient hyperalgesia followed by a prolonged analgesic effect in response to thermal stimulus. Using a rat model of neuropathic pain, we evaluated the effect of pretreatment with clonidine-which has been shown to relieve intradermal capsaicin-induced hype...

Regional differences in thermal sensation to a hot or cold stimulus are often limited to male participants, in a rested state and cover minimal locations. Therefore, magnitude sensation to both a hot and cold stimulus were investigated during rest and exercise in 8 females (age: 20.4 ± 1.4 years, mass: 61.7 ± 4.0 kg, height: 166.9 ± 5.4 cm, VO2max: 36.8 ± 4.5 ml·kg(-1)·min(-1)). Using a repeate...

Systemic administration of A-425619, a potent and selective TRPV1 receptor antagonist that dose not readily enter the CNS, produces antinociception in several rat models of pathological nociception, including complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA)-induced thermal hyperalgesia. In order to further understand the peripheral mechanisms of TRPV1-related antinociception, we examined the effects of systemi...

a b s t r a c tthe applications of neurophysiological therapy techniques range far and few in the realm of modern day medicine. however, the concept of electromagnetic stimulation, the basis for many noninvasive brain stimulation (nibs) techniques today, has been of interest to the scientific community since the late nineteenth century. recently, transcranial direct current stimulation (tdcs) a...

Systemic administration of A-425619, a potent and selective TRPV1 receptor antagonist that does not readily enter the CNS, produces antinociception in several rat models of pathological nociception, including complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA)-induced thermal hyperalgesia. To further understand the peripheral mechanisms of TRPV1-related antinociception, we examined the effects of systemic and sit...