We simultaneously trap ultracold lithium and cesium atoms in an optical dipole trap formed by the focus of a CO2 laser and study the exchange of thermal energy between the gases. The optically cooled cesium gas efficiently decreases the temperature of the lithium gas through sympathetic cooling. Equilibrium temperatures down to 25 microK have been reached. The measured cross section for thermal...

In this paper, Al-doped ZnO thin film transistors (AZO-TFT) were fabricated by the thermal evaporation growth of AZO channel layer on a silicon substrate at temperatures below 250°C. A SiO2 dielectric layer grown by the horizontal furnace was used as a gate. An active layer thickness of 10nm was measured by Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), and its surface had root mean square (rms) roughness 12.6...

Stencil printing remains the technology route of choice for flip chip bumping because of its economical advantages over traditionally costly evaporation and electroplating processes. This paper provides the first research results on stencil printing of 80 μm and 60 μm pitch peripheral array configurations with Type 7 Sn63/Pb37 solder paste. In specific, the paste particle size ranges from 2 μm ...

Refrigeration cycle system modelling of the vapor compression experimental unit with the goal to predict the system performance of the cycle and geometry of the helical coil evaporator flooded in the water is presented in the paper. Design of the experimental unit is based on the commercially available scroll compressor and air cooled condenser. In order to determine the thermodynamic condition...

CRAWFORD, EUGENE C., JR., AND GEOFFREY KAMPE. Physiological responses of the lizard Sauromalus obesus to changes in ambient temperature. Am. J. Physiol. 220(5) : 12561260. 197 1 .-Animals were subjected to ambient temperatures from 26 to 43.5 C. Body temperatures remained 0.2-O. 7 C above ambient. Cutaneous evaporation increased from 2.0 to 9.5 mg HaO/cmz.day, with a & of 2.43. Respiratory evap...

The effect of alkanoic acid [CH(3)(CH(2))(n-2)COOH; HCn] and perfluoroalkanoic acid [CF(3)(CF(2))(n-2)COOH; FCn] monolayers on the water evaporation rate was investigated by thermogravimetry tracing the decrease in amount of water with time. The evaporation rate from the surface covered by a monolayer was measured as a function of temperature and hydrophobic chain length of the acids, where the...

When a black hole evaporates, there arises a net energy flow from the black hole into its outside environment due to the Hawking radiation and the energy accretion onto black hole. Exactly speaking, any thermal equilibrium state has no energy flow, and therefore the black hole evaporation is a nonequilibrium process. To study details of evaporation process, nonequilibrium effects of the net ene...

The morphology of solution-cast, phase-separated polymers becomes finer with increasing solvent evaporation rate. We address this observation theoretically for a model polymer where demixing is induced by steady solvent evaporation. In contrast to what is the case for a classical, thermal quench involving immiscible blends, the spinodal instability initially develops slowly and the associated l...

The complementary relationship between actual and potential evaporation over southeastern Turkey was examined using a mesoscale climate model and field data. Model simulations of both actual and potential evaporation produce realistic temporal patterns in comparison to those estimated from field data; as evaporation from the surface increases with increasing irrigation, potential evaporation de...

Here we report thermal evaporation dynamics of Au nanoparticles on single crystal oxide substrates, including MgO, SrTiO(3), and Al(2)O(3). The size reduction rate of Au nanoparticles via thermal treatments is strongly dependent on not only temperature but also pressure. Lowering the pressure of inert Ar gas from 10(5) to 10 Pa increases the size reduction rate over 30 times in the temperature ...