Natural gas is the main energy resource for buildings in Argentina. Since 2002, subsidies have kept the prices of this fuel between 9 and 26 times lower than regular prices in other countries. The lowest prices are the result of climate-related subsidies. In cold areas, heating uses several times more energy than locations in Europe with a similar climate. A potential for consumption reductions...

1. Water and the Environment 1.1. The Hydrological Cycle 1.2. Surface Water and Groundwater 1.3. Aquatic Ecosystems 1.4. Water Quality and Health 1.5. Climate Variability and Water Resources 1.6. Climate Change and Water Resources 1.7. Other Threats Linked to Water Resources 2. Water and Food: Agriculture 2.1. Water Requirements 2.2. Farming with Agrochemicals 2.3. Water and Animal Production S...

the assessment of the thermal bioclimate is based on the human energy balance and derived indices such as Physiologically equivalent temperature (Pet) or Universal thermal Climate index (UtCi). these two indices were compared over a period of ten year based on hourly data in a middle european city with a temperate climate. the analysis performed shows that the differences obtained result from t...

Understanding of the urban climate of a city is important for future planning and human wellbeing. The well known Physiologically Equivalent Temperature (PET) and the Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI) indices were calculated with RayMan model using meteorological data (2001-2011) in order to study the human thermal bioclimate of Dar es Salaam. Results indicate that afternoons from late Sep...

The physical processes that establish the cave temperature are briefly discussed, showing that cave temperature is generally strictly connected with the external climate. The Global Climatic changes can then influence also the underground climate. It is shown that the mountain thermal inertia causes a delay between the two climates and then a thermal unbalance between the cave and the atmospher...

Remote sensing data were utilized to assess urban land cover and its thermal characteristics through mapping sub-pixel impervious surfaces and assessing thermal infrared images. Landsat imagery was used to calculate variation in urban imperviousness from 1995 to 2002 in the Tampa Bay watershed, Florida. The urban-rural boundary and urban development density were defined by selecting certain imp...

The primary nonbiological result of recent rapid climate change is warming winter temperatures, particularly at northern latitudes, leading to longer growing seasons and new seasonal exigencies and opportunities. Biological responses reflect selection due to the earlier arrival of spring, the later arrival of fall, or the increasing length of the growing season. Animals from rotifers to rodents...

[1] Thawing and freezing processes are key components in permafrost dynamics, and these processes play an important role in regulating the hydrological and carbon cycles in the northern high latitudes. In the present study, we apply a well-developed soil thermal model that fully couples heat and water transport, to simulate the thawing and freezing processes at daily time steps across multiple ...

For many species, geographical ranges are expanding toward the poles in response to climate change, while remaining stable along range edges nearest the equator. Using long-term observations across Europe and North America over 110 years, we tested for climate change-related range shifts in bumblebee species across the full extents of their latitudinal and thermal limits and movements along ele...