The concept of configuration of groups which is defined in terms of finite partitions and finite strings of elements of the group is presented by Rosenblatt and Willis. To each set of configurations, a finite system of equations known as configuration equations, is associated. Rosenblatt and Willis proved that a discrete group G is amenable if and only if every possible instance of its configur...

In responding to sounds, birds use both relative and absolute pitch perception. As a means of testing which type of pitch perception is dominant, European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) were trained to discriminate between low-ascending and high-descending sequences of tones. They were then tested with high-ascending and low-descending sequences during probe and transfer sessions. The birds could...

Although English pitch accent detection has been studied extensively, there relatively a few works explore Mandarin stress etection. Moreover, the comparison and analysis between Mandarin stress detection and English pitch accent detection have not een touched for such counterpart tasks. In this paper, we discuss Mandarin stress detection and compare it with English pitch accent etection. The c...

The effect of spectral motion on the tritone paradox was investigated by pretesting subjects residing in southwestern Ontario, Canada, on the tritone task, presenting them with a continuous ascending or descending chromatic scale created using Shepard tones, and then retesting them on the tritone task. Results indicated a negative-motion aftereffect that affected the orientation of the pitch cl...

Much research has shown that the voice source has strong influence on the quality of speech processing [4][5][6]. But in most of the existing speech modification algorithms, the effect of the voice source variation is neglected. This work explains why the existing modification scheme can’t truly reflect the voice source variation during pitch modification. We use synthesized voiced speech sound...