the study considers mass media communication as intertwined with social norms, as assumed by the perspective of social representations. it explores the italian press communication by focusing on three pairs of men and women politicians with different political orientations and all serving as presidents of the houses of parliament in three legislatures. the article concentrates on five newspaper...

The objective of the University Freedom Act (Hochschulfreiheitsgesetz) in North Rhine-Westphalia is to achieve entrepreneurial universities that are to be steered by their presidents and vice-presidents – in other word, their managers. For this purpose, along with management, leadership is also important. This paper attempts to determine how university managers deal with those tasks. Interviews...

abstract the aim of this study was to validate and localize lawson’s (2002) knowledge management and winand et al. (2009) performance models and to determine their effects and relationships in iran sports federations. this study was a descriptive-correlation research. the population included presidents, vice presidents, general secretaries, committee managers and experts in all sports federatio...

This paper uncovers the Phillips curve trade-off perceived by U.S. monetary policymakers. For that purpose we use data on individual forecasts for unemployment and inflation submitted by each individual FOMC member, which was recently made available for the period 19921998. The results point to significant changes in the perceived trade-off over time with the Phillips curve flattening and the i...

Past research on the personality basis of leadership has led several investigators to study the characteristics of American presidents using content-analytical and biographical measures. In this article, biographical information on 39 U.S. chief executives provided the basis for assessments by seven raters on 82 items concerning presidential style. The presidents could be reliably discriminated...

How does presidentialism affect democratic representation, both in theory and in practice? In this paper, part of a larger book project, we build on our previous research (Samuels and Shugart 2003), which argued that all else equal, presidentialism impedes representation based on prospective government “mandates.” Inspired by and building on research on Latin America by Susan Stokes (2001), her...

Editor’s Note: Every year at the American Academy of Pain Medicine (AAPM) Annual Meeting, our presidents reflect on their year of leadership of the academy, as do the presidents of the Faculty of Pain Medicine, Australian and New Zealand College of Anaesthetists (FPMANZCA) and International Spine Intervention Society (ISIS) at their respective annual meetings. In words that often both inspire a...

the aim of this study was strategic pathology of sport and youth general office of kermanshah province in sport based on swot model. in this descriptive survey, the statistical population included managers, deputies, staff of sport and youth offices and presidents and vice-presidents of sports associations (n=186). the statistical sample was equal to population (census sampling method) but 150 ...