the knowledge of variations in the superficial veins is of clinical importance for the anatomist, radiologists, clinical practitioners and surgeons in order to plan about the operative procedures. usually cephalic vein drains into the axillary vein. in this case report study the left cephalic vein communicates with the left external jugular vein and made a common trunk at the superior surface o...

OBJECTIVE To determine whether sacrifice of the internal jugular vein (IJV) causes subsequent changes in the jugular bulb. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective chart review. SETTING Tertiary referral center. PATIENTS Patients were selected by CPT code for neck dissection and were included in the study if they had undergone unilateral neck dissection and had preoperative and postoperative computed t...

Using a mechanical model of the giraffe neck and head circulation consisting of a rigid, ascending, 'carotid' limb, a 'cranial' circulation that could be rigid or collapsible, and a descending, 'jugular' limb that also could be rigid or collapsible, we have analyzed the origin of the high arterial and venous pressures in giraffe, and whether blood flow is assisted by a siphon. When the tubes we...

Introduction The venous drainage of head and neck is divided into superficial and deep jugular systems. The deep jugular system consists of internal jugular vein and the superficial system consists of external and anterior jugular vein. External jugular vein is formed by the union of the posterior division of retromandibular vein and the posterior auricular vein below the ear in the substance o...

The jugular venous system constitutes the primary venous drainage of the head and neck. It includes a profundus or subfascial venous system, formed by the two internal jugular veins, and a superficial or subcutaneous one, formed by the two anterior and two external jugular veins. We report one case of unilateral anatomical variations of the external and anterior jugular veins. Particularly, on ...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Compressing the internal jugular veins can reverse ventriculomegaly in the syndrome of inappropriately low pressure acute hydrocephalus, and it has been suggested that this works by "stiffening" the brain tissue. Jugular compression may also alter blood and CSF flow in other conditions. We aimed to understand the effect of jugular compression on brain tissue stiffness and...

lar foramen. It lodges the jugular bulb, which continues into the jugular vein inferiorly (Fig. 1). In the neurosurgical literature, and even in extensive anatomic studies, both the jugular foramen and the jugular fossa often are referred to by the term "jugular foramen." This use of the term may be the result either of simple error or the user's wish to provide a broader anatomic description o...

Acute pharyngotonsillitis is one of the most common diseases in children and adolescents. The most frequent etiology is virus, followed by bacteria. The main bacterial agent is beta hemolytic Streptococcus group A. A rare complication of pharyngeal infectious processes is septic thrombophlebitis of the internal jugular vein. The diagnosis is suspected in the presence of an inflammatory unilater...

BACKGROUND The differential diagnosis of skull base masses is diverse and includes benign and malignant neoplasms, vascular anomalies, congenital lesions, as well as infectious and inflammatory processes. Metastatic masses of the skull base are a rare manifestation of systemic malignancies. Breast cancer is the most common cause of skull base metastases. Villaret syndrome refers to cranial nerv...