No longer do scientists look down on macrophages as "garbage men" that act "nonspecifically." Last fall's Nobel Prizes honored two of the few scientists who studied macrophages three decades ago. Now perhaps thousands do, and the subtypes they describe reflect ongoing discoveries of macrophages' extraordinary plasticity.

Over the last twenty-five years or so, the school improvement research base has gained prominence and recognition on the international stage. In both a theoretical and empirical sense it has matured through a wide range of successful projects, interventions and innovations across a range of countries, about how to help schools become increasingly effective learning environments for all their st...

Although there is an extensive literature on the placebo effect in psychotherapy, the distinction between the placebo and other elements of the therapeutic process has not been clear. This paper analyzes the therapeutic relationship in terms of separating the placebo elements and the specific actors. The so-called nonspecific elements, often equated with the placebo, are proposed as the specifi...

My book, The Darwinian Revolution gives an overview of the revolution as understood at the time of its writing (1979). It shows that many factors were involved, from straight science through philosophical methodology, and on to religious influences and challenges. Also of importance were social factors, not the least of which was the professionalization of science in Britain in the 19th century...

A prospective study was performed to better define the role of computers in teaching radiology to medical students. Two hundred twenty-five 3rd-year students were randomly assigned to one of four groups and exposed to 10 radiology cases as well as to a voluntary weekly radiology lecture. Group A used computer-based cases with interactive elements; group B used computer-based cases without inter...

a member of the Chirurgical Club. This Society of twenty-five surgeons, representative of all the extrametropolitan teaching schools of Great Britain, has now visited the majority of the great centres of surgical activity in Europe, and its members have been able to 1 Being part of a Presidential Address to the Bath and Bristol Branch of the British Medical Association, delivered on June 22nd, ...