The enzyme NCS [(S)-norcoclaurine synthase; EC 4.2.1.78] found in the common meadow rue, Thalictrum flavum, and other plant species, is involved in the biosynthesis of BIAs (benzylisoquinoline alkaloids). This group of plant secondary metabolites comprises pharmacologically-active compounds such as morphine and codeine. NCS catalyses the condensation of 4-HPAA (4-hydroxyphenylacetaldehyde) and ...

Benzylisoquinoline alkaloids (BIAs) are a diverse group of biologically active specialized metabolites produced mainly in four plant families. BIA metabolism is likely of monophyletic origin and involves multiple enzymes yielding structurally diverse compounds. Several BIAs possess defensive properties against pathogenic microorganisms and herbivores. Opium poppy (Papaver somniferum: Papaverace...

Alkaloids play important roles in plant defenses against herbivores and some alkaloids have medicinal uses. Medicinal alkaloids can be purified from plant tissues or produced axenically in cell culture systems. In culture, cells generally accumulate these toxic metabolites in the vacuole; however, treatment with benzyladenine (BA) induces cultured Thalictrum minus cells to produce the isoquinol...