A T-cell receptor (TCR) with optimal avidity to a tumor antigen can be used redirect T cells eradicate cancer via adoptive cell transfer. Cancer testis antigens (CTAs) are attractive targets because they expressed in the testis, which is immune-privileged, and tumor. However, CTAs self-antigens natural TCRs have low affinity/avidity due central tolerance. We previously described method of direc...

Estrogen production in vitro was compared for Leydig cells from cryptorchid and scrotal testes in boars and stallions. Animals with natural and experimental cryptorchidism were used. Purified Leydig cells were prepared from testes of mature animals by collagenase treatment and Percoll density gradients. After incubation for 3 hours (1 X 10(6) cells), estrone sulfate and estrone in the media wer...

objective: the properties of self-renewal and divisionin spermatogonial stem cells (sscs) support spermatogenesis. there are a number of reported methods for in vitro ssc culture systems. the development of a culture system that effectively supports isolation and self-renewal ofgermline stem cells (gscs) is of tremendous benefit for clinical trials, experimental research andas potential treatme...

background breast cancer is the most common malignancy in women around the world so finding new biomarkers for early detection and also study on molecular aspects of breast cancer is valuable. cancer testis genes are a group of genes expressed solely in testis and in a range of human malignancies. objectives in this study we determined the expression of cancer testis genes tsga10, tex101 and od...

Background: Spermatogenesis associated 19 (Spata19) was introduced as a testis-specific gene that probably involved in spermatogenesis cell apoptosis. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of Spata19 inactivation on sperm count. Materials and Methods: We generated global knockout mice by CRISPR/Cas9 nickase technology. Disability validated three levels DNA, RNA, protein using PC...

Mitochondrial transcription factor A (mtTFA) is a key activator of mitochondrial transcription in mammals. It also has a role in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) replication, since transcription generates an RNA primer necessary for initiation of mtDNA replication. In the mouse, testis-specific mtTFA transcripts encode a protein isoform that is imported to the nucleus rather than into mitochondria of ...

During testis development, fetal Leydig cells increase their population from a pool of progenitor cells rather than from proliferation of a differentiated cell population. However, the mechanism that regulates Leydig stem cell self-renewal and differentiation is unknown. Here, we show that blocking Notch signaling, by inhibiting gamma-secretase activity or deleting the downstream target gene Ha...

Cryptorchidism is one of the most common genital defects in dogs. This study investigated the effects of abdominal cryptorchidism on morphology, cell proliferation, and Sertoli cell condition in a dog with spontaneous unilateral cryptorchidism. Elective orchidectomy was performed on the abdominal right testis and the scrotal left testis. Significant reductions in numbers of spermatogonia, sperm...

The expression of osteopontin (OPN) in boar testis was studied. Western blot analysis detected 66- and 32-kDa OPN immunopositive bands in the testes of adult boars. In postnatal piglets, the 66-kDa OPN band was detected in the testes, but not the 32-kDa band. In the newborn testis, OPN immunostaining was seen in gonocytes and in some supporting cells in the seminiferous tubules, as well as in i...