there are two major theories of measurement in psychometrics: classical test theory (ctt) and item-response theory (irt). despite its widespread and long use, ctt has a number of shortcomings, which make it problematic to be used for practical and theoretical purposes. irt tries to solve these shortcomings, and provide better and more dependable answers. one of the applications of irt is the as...

بررسی رابطه بین یادگیری سازمانی و توانمندسازی مدیران و معاونین مدارس شهرستان میانه دکتر محمد اورکی1، دکتر هاشم نعمتی، گلسیما عزیزی* استادیار گروه علوم تربیتی ، دانشگاه پیام نور تهران جنوب استادیار گروه علوم تربیتی. ، دانشگاه پیام نور مشهد دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد مدیریت آموزشی ، دانشگاه پیام نور تهران جنوب [email protected] میانه- دانشگاه پیام نور میانه مدیر آموزشی، 2226062 – 0423، ت...

in new management approaches, in the organizations with inflexible structure, existing of red tapes and interruptions caused by limitations and also non-compliance with environmental changes, create demotivation among staff. with regard to the influence of job motivational potential and its relationship to the type of organizational structure( enabling and dissuasive), the goal of this research...

abstract this quasi-experimental study was aimed at examining the impact of storyline complexity on the grammatical accuracy and complexity of advanced and intermediate efl learners. a total of 65 advanced and intermediate efl learners were selected from iran language institute (ili). an intact group including 35 intermediate participants and another intact group with 30 advanced participants ...

the effect of the presence of perforations on he stresses of a plate is a problem which is of great interest in structural design and in the mathemattical theory of elasticity. among the many hole patterns that are likely to require consideration is the ring of equally spaced circular holes. the present worke investigates stress & strain analysis of a thin isotropic circular plate containing a ...

میزان نشو و نما و قدرت باروری شبپره ی مدیترانه ای آرد 2) جوانه ی ) ،(fb) ( رژیم غذ ایی تهیه شده از ( 1) آرد گندم + سبوس گندم ( 75 درصد و 25 درصد 3) جوانه ی گندم + ) ،(myg) ( گندم + مخمر نان + گلیسرول به نسبت ( 10 به 1 به 2 وزن به وزن 4) سبوس گندم + مخمر نان + گلی سرول ( 20 به 1 به 2 ) ،(my) ( مخمر نان ( 10 به 1 وزن به وزن و ( 5) سبوس گندم + مخمر نان + گلیسرول + آب ( 100 به 5 به 10 به 5 وزن ...

the following null hypothesis was proposed: h : there is no significant difference between the use of semantically or communicatively translates scientific texts. to test the null hypothesis, a number of procedures were taken first, two passages were selected form soyrcebooks of food and nutrition industry and gardening deciplines. each, in turn, was following by a number of comprehension quest...

An experiment was carried out to determine the effects of different levels of lysine and protein on the performance of 240 Hy-Line W36 layers. Ten experimental diets were tested in a 2×5 factorial arrangement with a completely randomized design. Two basal diets (13 and 14% protein) were tested at different levels (10 and 20% lower than NRC, NRC and 10 and 20% above NRC recommendations). Dietary...

An experiment was carried out to determine the effects of different levels of lysine and protein on the performance of 240 Hy-Line W36 layers. Ten experimental diets were tested in a 2×5 factorial arrangement with a completely randomized design. Two basal diets (13 and 14% protein) were tested at different levels (10 and 20% lower than NRC, NRC and 10 and 20% above NRC recommendations). Dietary...

during the process of reading, sometimes learners use ineffective and inefficient strategies and some factors may influence their use of strategies. perhaps critical thinking is one of these factors. this study aims to identify those categories of reading strategies that are mostly used by iranian efl learners and to see if there is any significant relationship between the critical thinking abi...