A substantial portion of the Earth is inaccessible to any sort of wheeled mechanism— natural obstacles like large rocks, loose soil, deep ravines, and steep slopes conspire to render rolling locomotion ineffective. Hills, mountains, shores, seabeds, as well as the moon and other planets present similar terrain challenges. In many of these natural terrains, legs are well-suited. They can avoid s...

In much of the world, large scale soil maps which would better inform land use decisions are not available. The major impediment to collection of large scale data is the cost of field survey over large areas. One promising approach to increase the efficiency of soil survey is soil-landscape modelling. Soil-landscape models formalise relationships between soil attributes and other environmental ...

The impact of topographic attributes on the uneven distribution of seismic response and associated devastation has frequently been observed and documented during seismic events, but has rarely been investigated at a regional scale. Existing numerical and experimental techniques applied to explore the impact of topographic attributes in the aggravation of seismic response, have been limited to i...

This paper focuses on the physical attributes of land that intrinsically limit use and possibly affect values. In particular, we investigate if slope a does decrease its price role in forming more reliable constant-quality indices aggregate house indices. We find that, while slopes do per unit, they have small effect quality-adjusted selected neighborhoods Auckland, New Zealand, where sloped te...

The study reported here follows the suggestion by Caplan et al. (Justice Q, 2010) that risk terrain modeling (RTM) be developed by doing more work to elaborate, operationalize, and test variables that would provide added value to its application in police operations. Building on the ideas presented by Caplan et al., we address three important issues related to RTM that sets it apart from curren...

Abstract The Fukushima nuclear accident of 2011 raised awareness the importance radioactive deposition processes, especially for proposing aerosol measures against possible air pollution. However, identifying these types processes is often difficult due to complicated terrains. This paper presents an application study by taking advantage visual interaction with topographic data. idea visually i...

abstract for evaluating nacl salinity effect on some physiological and qualitative attributes of five winter canola cultivars, an experiment was conducted in a rcd base factorial in three replicates in greenhouse of east azarbaijan agricultural research center in 2008. five salinity levels as 0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 mm nacl treated as first factor on five rape seed (fornax, licord, elite, slm04...