Osmotically driven membrane processes (ODMP) are emerging water treatment and energy conversion technologies. In this work, we investigated the simultaneous forward and reverse (i.e., bidirectional) solute fluxes that occur in ODMP. Numerous experiments were conducted using ternary systems (i.e., systems containing three distinct ions) and quaternary systems (i.e., systems containing four disti...

The aim of this paper is to classify all monogenic ternary semigroups, up to isomorphism. We divide them to two groups: finite and infinite. We show that every infinite monogenic ternary semigroup is isomorphic to the ternary semigroup O, the odd positive integers with ordinary addition. Then we prove that all finite monogenic ternary semigroups with the same index...

A non-linear transform, called ‘Sign Hadamard-Haar transform’ is introduced. The transform is unique and converts ternary vectors into ternary spectral domain. Recursive definition and fast transform have been developed. Formulae to represent Sign Hadamard-Haar spectra for basic logic functions and their variables for two different codings are shown. New transform is extremely effective in term...

liquid-liquid equilibria for the (water + lactic acid + benzyl alcohol or p-xylene) ternary systems were investigated at atmospheric pressure and in the temperature range from 298.15-318.15 k. the studied systems exhibit two types of liquid-liquid equilibrium (lle) behavior. the system consisting of benzyl alcohol displays type-1 lle behavior, while a type-2 behavior is exhibited by the other s...

In the present work, ternary special quasirandom structures SQSs for a fcc solid solution phase are generated at different compositions, xA=xB=xC= 1 3 and xA= 1 2 , xB=xC= 1 4 , whose correlation functions are satisfactorily close to those of a random fcc solution. The generated SQSs are used to calculate the mixing enthalpy of the fcc phase in the Ca-Sr-Yb system. It is observed that first-pri...