نتایج جستجو برای: term relationship between trade openness
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This paper empirically analyzes the nonlinear relation between real GDP growth per capital and public debt by employing ADL test for threshold cointegration method. Empirical results show that there exists a threshold cointegration relationship between public debt and real GDP growth per capital. In case of the empirical results, cutting public debt could boost economic growth in the long-term....
This study was carried out to investigate the impact of Ethiopian exchange rate and its volatility on international trade. Trade openness used as a proxy for trade in study. The study’s general objective how responds levels volatility. relied solely secondary time-series data spanning years 1992 2019. Autoregressive Distributive Lag (ARDL) model long-term relationship between level, volatility,...
Corruption is one of the most important determinant factors in economic fields, specifically in trade; and nowadays, it is crucial to know what factors reinforce or mitigate it. Trade openness is an influencing factor on corruption, and the extant literature has two different general perspectives facing that. The first perspective emphasizes that openness has a negative impact on corruption, wh...
We find that trade and domestic market size are robust determinants of economic growth over the 1960-1996 period when trade openness is measured as the US dollar value of imports and exports relative to GDP in PPP US$ (“real openness”). When trade openness is measured as the US dollar value of imports and exports relative to GDP in exchange rate US$ (“nominal openness”) however, trade and the s...
The study examines the causal links between trade openness and FDI inflows in Sri Lanka from 1997 to 2019 using ARDL test Granger causality test. results of bound indicate that an increase does not affect long run. However, short-run indicated attracts more FDI. shows has a unidirectional relationship runs suggests government should focus on long-term target policies order improve investment cl...
the present study was an attempt to determine the types of motivation and levels of foreign language learning anxiety among efl students studying at azad and state universities in kermanshah and to determine the relationship between these two factors and language proficiency and gender. to this end, the foreign language learning motivation scale, by deci and ryan )1985(, were administered to 12...
with the growth of more humanistic approaches towards teaching foreign languages, more emphasis has been put on learners’ feelings, emotions and individual differences. one of the issues in teaching and learning english as a foreign language is demotivation. the purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the components of language learning strategies, optimism, duration o...
A debate has long existed on the relationships between human population, natural resources, and development. Recent research has expanded this debate to include the impacts of trade; specifically, virtual water trade, or the water footprint of traded commodities. We conduct an empirical analysis of the relationships between virtual water trade, population, and development in Africa. We find tha...
This paper presents empirical evidence about the relationship between market openness and markup distribution of manufacturing firms. The empirical analysis uses a panel data set of Spanish firms in the period 1990-2005, with a structural approach that lets us to identify individual mark-ups. The results point out that tougher competition associated to openness reduces the average of marginal c...
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