Human length-tension curves are traditionally constructed using a model that assumes passive tension does not change during contraction (model A) even though the animal literature suggests that passive tension can decrease (model B). The study's aims were threefold: 1) measure differences in human medial gastrocnemius length-tension curves using model A vs. model B, 2) test the reliability of u...

This paper discusses tension-compression asymmetry properties of Ogden hyperelastic formulations. It is shown that if all negative or all positive Ogden coefficients are used, tension-compression asymmetry occurs the degree of which cannot be separately controlled from the degree of non-linearity. A simple hybrid form is therefore proposed providing separate control over the tension-compression...

Significant oxygen gradients occur within tissue engineered cartilaginous constructs. Although oxygen tension is an important limiting parameter in the development of new cartilage matrix, its precise role in matrix formation by chondrocytes remains controversial, primarily due to discrepancies in the experimental setup applied in different studies. In this study, the specific effects of oxygen...

We examine surface modes at the nematic-isotropic interface in polymer-liquid-crystal mixtures using the dynamical Landau-de Gennes model for the orientational (non-conserved) order parameter coupled with Cahn-Hilliard equation for concentration (conserved order parameter) and with hydrodynamic degrees of freedom. The generalized dispersion relation is obtained and analyzed in particular cases....

Recently Escobedo and Mansoori (AIChE J. 42(5): 1425, 1996) proposed a new expression, originally derived from statistical mechanics, for the surface tension prediction of pure fluids. In this report, the same theory is extended to the case of mixtures of organic liquids with the following expression, σm = [(1-Tr,m) Tr,m exp (0.30066/Tr,m + 0.86442 Tr,m) (P 0,m ρL,m P 0,m ρv,m)] 4 P0,m = { ΣiΣj...

The widely supported cohesion–tension theory of water transport explains the importance of a continuous water column and the mechanism of long-distance ascent of sap in plants (Dixon 1914, Tyree 2003, Angeles et al. 2004). The evaporation of water from the surfaces of mesophyll cells causes the air–water interface to retreat into the cellulose matrix of the plant cell wall because the cohesion ...

It has recently been argued that D-branes in bosonic string theory can be described as noncommutative solitons, outside whose core the tachyon is condensed to its ground state. We conjecture that, in addition, the local U(1) gauge symmetry is restored to a U(∞) symmetry in the vacuum outside this core. We present new solutions obeying this boundary condition. The tension of these solitons agree...

Critical micelle concentrations (CMCs) of cationic surfactant (alkyltrimethylammonium bromides, CnTABr, where n = 10, 12, 14, 16 and 18), and a bile salt sodium cholate (NaC) were determined from surface tension, conductance and dye solubilization methods, while of their equimolar mixtures from surface tension and dye solubilization methods. The interaction parameter (beta) obtained from analys...

We introduce an anisotropic mean-field approach for the dynamics of semiflexible polymers under tension. The theory is designed to exactly reproduce the lowest order equilibrium averages of a stretched polymer, and includes the non-trivial influence of long-range hydrodynamic coupling. Validated by Brownian hydrodynamics simulations, the theory is highly accurate over a broad parameter range, e...