Abstract Grain growth in thin films has attracted lots of attention due to the numerous applications polycrystalline films, on one hand, and modified properties changes microstructure caused by thermal effects, other hand. While phenomenon grain is well understood general, effects e.g. temperature gradients leave questions open still today. In present study, we investigate influence strong film...

This paper discusses a study of the impacts of ambient temperature gradients along electric power transmission lines on power transfer capability limits. This investigation is performed through the use of novel multi-segment, non-uniform, temperature-dependent line models, which are used to capture the non-uniformity of line parameters caused by ambient temperature variations. For demonstration...

OBJECTIVES The occurrence of "chipping" of all-ceramic restorations with Y-TZP frameworks has resulted in various designs and cooling procedures recommended for reducing such behavior. In this paper the temperature gradients during fast and slow cooling for conventional and anatomical designs are compared as well as an optical procedure to directly compare the influence of cooling rate on resid...