Andolfatto and Gomme (2003) find evidence that Canadian monetary policy appears to alternate between high and low money growth rate regimes, and that private-sector belief formation over these unobserved regimes could induce significant persistence in the propagation of monetary policy shocks. In this paper, we examine the sensitivity of these conclusions by re-estimating the data allowing for ...

Time–activity budgets in the family Anatidae are available for the wintering and breeding periods. We present the first flyway-level study of foraging time in a long-distance migrant, the Eurasian Green-winged Teal, Anas crecca crecca L., 1758 (‘‘Teal’’). Behavioral data from early and late spring staging, breeding, and molting sites were collected with standardized protocols to explore differe...

*We have benefited from discussions with Stefan Dercon, Francis Teal and Sharada Weir. However, usual disclaimers apply.

Since the recent spread of highly pathogenic (HP) H5N1 subtypes, avian influenza virus (AIV) dispersal has become an increasing focus of research. As for any other bird-borne pathogen, dispersal of these viruses is related to local and migratory movements of their hosts. In this study, we investigated potential AIV spread by Common Teal (Anas crecca) from the Camargue area, in the South of Fran...

Preoperative skin preparation with antimicrobial agents decreases the risk of surgical site infection, but concerns have been raised about the visibility of a common surgical preparatory agent (ChloraPrep; Becton, Dickinson & Co, Franklin Lakes, New Jersey), depending on skin pigmentation. Poor visibility may lead to failure to identify inadequately prepared skin, increasing the risk of surgica...

During the 1990s the proportion of the urban labor force working in the small scale, informal sector grew dramatically across Africa. We investigate the causes of this trend toward informality by studying the case of the manufacturing sector in Ghana, where the share of workers employed in small and micro enterprizes grew from roughly one third in 1987 to over half in 2003. By combining two wav...