colorectal cancer (crc) is the second leading cause of cancer death. progress has been made in the development of chemotherapy for advanced crc. targeted therapies against vegf or egfr are now commonly used. however, many cases show that tolerance develops to such treatments; therefore, new strategies are required to replace or complement current therapies. nuclear factor-?b (nf-?b) transcripti...

Recent advancements pertaining to the applications of vault, viral, and virus-like NPs in targeted cancer therapy are deliberated, focusing on challenges perspectives.

Currently targeted drug selection in breast cancer is exclusively based on estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PgR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER2) expression mainly of the primary tumor, even if metastatic disease is actually treated. Retrospective data indicate discordance regarding those factors between primary tumors and corresponding metastatic lesions in up to...

Ovarian cancer is the most common cause of mortality of tumors from gynecologic origin and is often diagnosed after patients have already progressed to advanced disease stage. The current standard of care for treatment of ovarian cancer includes cytoreductive surgery followed by adjuvant chemotherapy. Unfortunately, many patients will recur and ultimately die from their disease. Targeted therap...

Targeted therapies include small-molecule inhibitors and monoclonal antibodies, have made treatment more tumor-specific and less toxic, and have opened new possibilities for tailoring cancer treatment. Nevertheless, there remain several challenges to targeted therapies, including molecular identification, drug resistance, and exploring reliable biomarkers. Here, we present several selected sign...

The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that 84 million people will die of cancer between 2005-2015 [1]. According using the WHO mortality database it has been estimated the total number of cancer deaths in the European Union (EU) and in 2012 is predicted to be 1283101, of which 717398 men and 565703 women [2]. The most common types of cancer that will be diagnosed are lung (C33-C34), int...

Liposomes have attracted great interest as efficient carriers for nutrients, drugs and other bioactive agents as well as ideal models for biological membranes. This article intends to provide an overview of liposomes and nanoliposomes definition as well as their properties and preparation methods. Also it elaborates on various applications of nanoliposomes in nanotherapy including diagnostics, ...

Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) are often overexpressed in colorectal cancer and are associated with inferior outcomes. Based on successful randomized phase III trials, anti-EGFR and anti-VEGF therapeutics have entered clinical practice. Cetuximab (Erbitux), an EGFR-specific antibody, is currently approved in the United States in combination...

Given the fact that malignant cells proliferate more rapidly than normal cells, damage to the cancer cells is anticipated to be markedly greater than normal cells. However, cancer cells generate chemoresistance mechanisms within the tumor microenvironment, while undesired toxicity may occur in the normal cells. For example, in colorectal cancer (CRC), there exist well-described sequences of mut...

improve the efficacy of antihormonal therapy and may overcome endocrine treatment resistance at least temporarily in many patients. However, the impressive array of possible treatment combinations and sequences warrants an enormous amount of further research to identify optimal treatment algorithms. Further research will also have to focus on the exploration and establishment of predictive fact...