THIS PAPER is based on a leather-bound manuscript notebook found in the cellars of the Leeds Medical School a few years ago. It commences on 20 March 1823. No author's name is given but it would seem to be the notes of an apothecary. As Richard Farrer of Leeds was assistant apothecary at the General Infirmary at Leeds from March 1823 to July 1825, it seems probable that he wrote it. Farrer beca...

Modern pollen records have been used to successfully distinguish between specific prairie types in North America. Whether the pollen records can be used to detect the occurrence of Eurasian steppe, or even to further delimit various steppe types was until now unclear. Here we characterized modern pollen assemblages of meadow steppe, typical steppe and desert steppe from eastern Eurasia along an...

Study area was selected from Talou farm to Chahjam Kavir in Damghan. Several plant types were distinguished in mentioned site. The types were Artemisia herba alba-Pteropyrum olivieri, Anabasis aphyllaLycium depressum, Tamarix. spp.-Halocnemum strobilaceum, Ha. strobilaceum Halostachys bellangeriana, Ha. strobilaceum-Limonium iranicum. In each plant type, three dominant plant species were select...

Wild growing mushrooms are a rich source of novel proteins with unique features. We have isolated and characterized trypsin inhibitors from two edible mushrooms, the honey fungus (Armillaria mellea) and the parasol mushroom (Macrolepiota procera), and from the poisonous death cap (Amanita phalloides). The trypsin inhibitors isolated: armespin, macrospin and amphaspin, have similar molecular mas...

THE nineteenth-century transition from apothecaries to dispensers in hospital pharmacy was not always so clear cut as that indicated in the general view of its occurrence, whereby the apothecary became resident medical officer, around the I 85os, and thus vacated a post to be filled from the ranks ofchemists and druggists. This article shows that at St. George's Hospital, the changeover formed ...