objective: the goal of the present study was to assess the prevalence of cigarette smoking and its relationship to other risk taking behaviors, perceived familial support and religiosity among college students in tabriz, iran . method: in this study, 1837 randomly selected students participated and completed a self-administered questionnaire inquiring demographic characteristics, risk taking be...

objective(s):one cause of cigarette smoking is oxidative stress that may alter the cellular antioxidant defense system, induce apoptosis in lung tissue, inflammation and damage in liver, lung, and kidney. it has been shown that chinese green tea (cgt) (lung chen tea) has higher antioxidant property than black tea. in this paper, we will explore the preventive effect of cgt on cigarette smoke-in...

T he primary coronary heart disease (CHD) risk factors are often positively correlated in that many persons who have undesirable levels of one also have undesirable levels of others. Nevertheless, we should not lose sight of risk factors that tend to be inversely related, such as cigarette smoking and blood pressure. A lower mean blood pressure among cigarette smokers than See p 1309 nonsmokers...

Background: Reproductive function and fertility are thought to be compromised by behaviors such as cigarette smoking, substance abuse, and caffeine consumption; however, the strength of these associations are uncertain. Many studies have examined whether caffeine and nicotine containing these affect fertility in men and women. Materials and Methods: In this study we evaluate the literature conc...

patients and methods in this cross-sectional study, conducted in isfahan and kermanshah medical universities in iran, a total of 425 male medical students were randomly selected with the proportional to size from different faculties to participate voluntarily in the study. a self-report written questionnaire was applied to collect data. then, the obtained data were analyzed by spss version 20 u...

Introduction: To examine the effects of opium dependence and cigarette smoking on semen quality and sperm parameters, the semen quality of men who abuse opiates and/or smoke cigarettes was investigated in a retrospective study. Methods: Male partners of 1325 infertile couples attending the infertility clinic for intrauterine insemination (IUI) procedure were divided into non-smoking non-op...

Assessment of risk factors Baseline data were collected on plasma total homocysteine concentration. Analyses were adjusted for baseline age; sex; apolipoprotein E genotype (93% of participants); plasma concentrations of folate (98% of participants), vitamin B12 (85% of participants), and vitamin B6 (92% of participants); educational status; history of stroke; cigarette smoking; alcohol intake; ...

Cigarette smoking, high alcohol intake, and low dietary folate levels are risk factors for colorectal adenomas. Oxidative damage caused by these three factors can be repaired through the base excision repair pathway (BER). We hypothesized that genetic variation in BER might modify colorectal adenoma risk. In a sigmoidoscopy-based study, we examined associations between 182 haplotype tagging SNP...

BACKGROUND Cigarettes and coffee are widely used psychoactive substances among alcoholics. Due to the devastating public health impact of alcohol use disorders, it is important to determine if using cigarettes or coffee may influence alcoholism. Previous studies indicate that cigarette smoking is associated with progression of alcohol dependence, but the effects of coffee drinking have yet to b...