Superiorly – Skull base Inferiorly – Greater cornu of hyoid and Submandibular gland fascia Laterally – Ascending ramus of mandible Medially – Superior constrictor muscle and pharyngobasilar fascia with tonsillar fossa Anteriorly – Interpterygoids and buccinators fascia, tail of Submandibular gland Posteriorly – Vertebral column, paravertebral muscles. Posterolaterally – Parotid fascia, posterio...

to investigate the possibility of using ultrasound to estimate carcass composition, 38 moghani male lambs were made use of. subcutaneous fat depth (usft) and longissimus dorsi muscle depth (ulmd) and area (ulma) were assessed in the site between 12th and 13th ribs by using ultrasound equipped with an 8 mhz probe. the lambs were then slaughtered. carcasses were cold stored at 4°c for 24 hours an...

Chicken muscles offer several significant advantages for the use of cholinesterase as a marker of nerve-muscle interactions. A series of molecular forms of chicken muscle acetylcholinesterase (AChE), and likewise of pseudocholinesterase (psi ChE), has been defined. The form of AChE inside the endplates of fast-twitch muscle is H2c (20 S), with a collagenous tail. The same is true for psi ChE. T...

Ectothermal animals are able to locomote in a kinematically similar manner over a wide range of temperatures. It has long been recognized that there can be a significant reduction in the power output of muscle during swimming at low temperatures because of the reduced steady-state (i.e. constant activation and shortening velocity) power-generating capabilities of muscle. However, an additional ...

The development of lotic-breeding Bufo torrenticola is described from zygote to completion metamorphosis in captivity at 13±1°C. We delimit 56 developmental stages based on external features. describe so as be comparable common that are widely used for anurans. also compare the larval between B. lotic water and lentic water, with lentic-breeding japonicus formosus water. Our results suggest tad...

Familial pulmonary arterial hypertension (fPAH) is associated with mutations in BMPR2. Many of these mutations occur in the BMPR2 tail domain, leaving the SMAD functions intact. In order to determine the in vivo consequences of BMPR2 tail domain mutation, we created a smooth-muscle specific doxycycline inducible BMPR2 mutation with an arginine to termination mutation at amino acid 899. When the...

Iron is an important trace element for proper cell functioning. It is present in cytochromes, hemoglobin and myoglobin (Mb), where it binds to oxygen. It is also an electron acceptor in the respiratory chain. Mb is an 18 kDa heme-protein, highly expressed in skeletal muscle and heart. The expression of several genes involved in the metabolism of iron is post-transcriptionally regulated by this ...

The role of vascular smooth muscle inward rectifier K+ (K(IR)) channels in the mechanisms underlying vasodilation is still unclear. The hypothesis that K(IR) channels are involved in sodium nitroprusside (SNP)-induced dilation of rat-tail small arteries was tested. SNP relaxed tail small arteries with an EC50 of 2.6x10(-8) mol/L. Endothelium removal did not attenuate this effect. Vessel pretrea...

Objective(s):   Recently, applications of MnO2 nanoparticles and microparticles in industry, pharmacology, and medicine have considerably expanded. Mn distribution and clearance from brain and spinal cord tissue compared with muscle tissue of rats after single subcutaneous injection of nanoparticles and microparticle of MnO2. Pain sensory threshold of rat was evaluated as neurologic consequence...