Conformations of C? backbones in X-ray structures most organophosphate (OP)-inhibited human acetylcholinesterases (hAChEs) have been previously shown to be similar that the native hAChE. One exceptions is structure diethylphosphoryl-hAChE conjugate, where stabilization a large ethoxy group into acyl pocket (AP) hAChE-triggered notable loop distortions and consequential dissociation hAChE homodi...

The inhabitants of communities in the Kurdistan area Iraq, particularly Halabja, represent greatest civilian populations ever exposed to chemical weapons. In several sections Region Iraq between 1987 and 1991, Iraqi government conducted a Genocide against Kurds. Various warfare chemicals, such as sulfur mustard nerve agents Sarin, Tabun, cyanide, were used act war. There are scientific indicati...

Organophosphorus (OP) nerve agents that inhibit acetylcholinesterase (AChE; EC 3.1.1.7) function in the nervous system, causing acute intoxication. If untreated, death can result. Inhibited AChE can be reactivated by oximes, antidotes for OP exposure. However, OP intoxication caused by the nerve agent tabun (GA) is particularly resistant to oximes, which poorly reactivate GA-inhibited AChE. In ...

Even if organophosphorus (OP) nerve agents were banned entirely, their presence would remain a problem as weapons of terror (like in Syria). Oxime antidotes currently used in medical practice still fall short of their therapeutic purpose, as they fail to fully restore the activity of cholinesterases, the main target for OPs. As orphan drugs, these antidotes are tested too seldom for anybody's b...