The interactions between fungi and plants can yield metabolites that are toxic in animal systems. Certain fungi are known to produce sesquiterpenoid trichothecenes, such as T-2 toxin, that are biotransformed by several mechanisms including glucosylation. The glucosylated forms have been found in grain and are of interest as potential reservoirs of T-2 toxin that are not detected by many analyti...

A monoclonal antibody cross-reactive with most group A trichothecenes was produced by fusion of P3/NS-1/1-AG4-1 myeloma cells with spleen cells isolated from a BALB/c mouse that had been immunized with 3-acetyl-neosolaniol-hemisuccinate conjugated to bovine serum albumin. One stable clone, H159B1D5, which produced monoclonal antibody that bound with both T-2 toxin and diacetoxyscirpenol (DAS) w...

background: rice is one of the crops, which are prone to be contaminated with toxigenic fungi and their mycotoxins. this study aimed to investigate the natural occurrence of t-2 toxin in domestic and imported rice in iran. methods: in a cross-sectional descriptive study in winter 2007, 140 samples of imported rice (125 samples of thai and 25 sam­ples of pakistani rice) and 60 samples of iranian...

The effects of purified Helminthosporium maydis T (HmT) toxin on active Ca(2+) transport into isolated mitochondria and microsomal vesicles were compared for a susceptible (T) and a resistant (N) strain of corn (Zea mays). ATP, malate, NADH, or succinate could drive (45)Ca(2+) transport into mitochondria of corn roots. Ca(2+) uptake was dependent on the proton electrochemical gradient generated...

The interleukin 2-diphtheria toxin-related fusion protein (IL-2-toxin) rapidly inhibits protein synthesis in IL-2 receptor (IL-2R)-bearing phytohemagglutinin-activated T cells but transiently stimulates DNA synthesis. At 7 hr after interaction with IL-2R+ phytohemagglutinin-activated T cells, IL-2-toxin-treated cells bear augmented steady-state levels of c-myc, interferon gamma, and IL-2R mRNA;...

Objective: The major Fusarium toxins found in cereals and cereal-based products that can be harmful to both human and animal health are some trichothecenes, such as deoxynivalenol (DON). Methods: A recent SCOOP project, Since toxinogenic fungi are cosmopolitan, mycotoxins are environmental pollutants present in virtually all parts of the world and causing diseases (mycotoxicoses) . Thi...

T-2 toxin is a secondary fungal metabolite produced by various species of Fusarium. It is capable of killing cells by causing extensive damage to the cellular membrane. In this study, cytotoxicity of T-2 toxin in combination with different antioxidant materials, including vitamin C (vit. C), vitamin E (vit. E) and selenium (sel) was investigated in vitro using the neutral red cytotoxicity assay...

Studies were conducted to determine the effect of chronic v.s. intermittent exposure to T-2 toxin on reproductive performance in adult bobwhite quail. In Experiment 1, 180 hens were orally dosed with 0% (LD ), 20% (LD ), 40% (LD ) or 60% (LD ) of the acute 100% lethal dose of T-2 toxin as determined in a 0 20 40 60 previous experiment. One quarter of the dosage was administered each week for 3 ...

The existence of di-glucosylated derivative of T-2 toxin in plant (corn powder) was confirmed for the first time in addition to that of HT-2 toxin. These masked mycotoxins (mycotoxin glucosides) were identified as T-2 toxin-di-glucoside (T2GlcGlc) and HT-2 toxin-di-glucoside (HT2GlcGlc) based on accurate mass measurements of characteristic ions and fragmentation patterns using high-resolution l...